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L'épargne : évolution, flux, comportements

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  • Patrick Artus

Abstract

[fre] Nous donnons dans cet article un aperçu général de l'évolution des comportements d'épargne et des problèmes liés à l'épargne dans quelques grands pays, mais spécialement en France et en Europe. Nous cherchons à caractériser l'évolution des préférences des épargnants, en ce qui concerne la composition de leur portefeuille financier ; en Europe continentale, l'aversion pour le risque semble l'emporter, et peut faire douter de la capacité à faire rapidement détenir en direct des titres. Nous évaluons les avantages et les inconvénients du « modèle anglo-saxon » d'épargne, et examinons les conséquences pour l'équilibre financier international des écarts entre les attitudes vis-à-vis de l'épargne dans les grands pays, en particulier aux États-Unis où la faiblesse de l'épargne fait apparaître un déficit structurel.. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux effets de l'internationalisation et de la professionnalisation de la gestion de l'épargne, qui a deux conséquences : dans les pays qui dépendent des investisseurs non-résidents pour leur financement, les flux internationaux sont accrus et peuvent rendre les marchés très volatils ; la professionnalisation, le recul de la détention individuelle des titres, accroissent le mimétisme, et aussi de ce fait la volatilité. . Finalement nous traçons quelques perspectives, du point de vue prévisionnel et du point de vue normatif, et nous nous interrogeons sur les possibilités d'action de la politique économique. [eng] Savings evolution, flows and attitudes . This article provides an overview of savings attitudes and savings related problems in some major countries, mainly in France and Europe. We aim at characterising investors' preferences, as regards their investment portfolio constitution. In continental Europe, risk aversion seems to predominate and may put to question the capability of directly holding shares. We assess the advantages and disadvantages of the Anglo-Saxon savings mode and examine the consequences on the international financial balance of different attitudes towards savings in the major countries, mainly in the United States, where lack of saving behaviour gives evidence of a structural deficit.. Then we deal with internationalisation effects and saving management professionalism, which bears two consequences : in countries which rely on non residential investors for their funding, international financial flows are considerable and can make markets very volatile ; the professionalism, the decrease in individual security holding, make imitation become widespread and therefore volatility increases.. Finally, we outline some perspectives, both from the provisional and regulatory point of view, and we consider operating possibilities for economic policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Artus, 1997. "L'épargne : évolution, flux, comportements," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(4), pages 27-55.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_42_4_2352
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2352
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2352
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