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La situation et les perspectives d'évolution des systèmes financiers d'Afrique noire francophone

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  • Alain Le Noir

Abstract

[fre] Les systèmes financiers mis en place au lendemain des indépendances dans les pays africains francophones ont subi de plein fouet les effets des crises économiques, politiques et sociales des années 1980. D'importantes restructurations concernant principalement les banques de développement mais aussi un certain nombre de banques commerciales ont permis de rendre aujourd'hui la plupart des banques rentables et liquides. Les Commissions bancaires mises en place constituent la meilleure assurance pour le maintien de cette situation. Le poids des banques à capitaux français, quoiqu'encore fort, tend nettement à se réduire avec le retrait total de certains pays. L'implantation de nouveaux partenaires, soit d'Europe (la Belgolaise) en particulier, soit du Maghreb, soit privés nationaux, permet une architecture plus diversifée s'orientant vers une complémentarité entre « banques de gros » à compétences internationales et « banques de proximité » souvent limitées au cadre national. La mise en place, encore lente, d'Institutions spécialisées dans les financements longs des grandes entreprises (Bourse régionale, Société de capital risque, etc.) et des micro-entreprises (Institutions décentralisées) devra être rapidement complétée par une structure adaptée de financement des PME (Banque populaire, Société de caution mutuelle). C'est sans doute dans ce domaine, comme dans celui des financements à caractères sociaux que beaucoup reste à faire. [eng] The situation and perspectives of evolution of French speaking Black African Countries' Financial Systems. Banking systems implemented in the aftermath of independence of French speaking African countries have been greatly upset by the 1980's economic, political and social crises. Major restructurations have occurred, mainly in development banks, and to a lesser extent some trade banks, and today most banks look sound and liquid.. The Banking Committees which were set up are the best guarantee for the continuation of this situation. The weight of French banks, even though still strong, tends to decrease considerably along with total withdrawal from certain countries. The establishment of new partners, either from Europe (Belgolaise, in particular), or from the Maghreb (NW Africa) or private locals make it possible to develop a diversified structure oriented towards a complementary structure involving both « wholesale banks », with international competence, and « retail banks », often limited to the national level.. The still slow implementation of specialized institutions in long-term financing of major corporations (Regional Stock Exchanges, Venture-capital corporations, etc.), and micro-companies (decentralized institutions) should be rapidly completed by a structure adapted to SME financing (popular bank system, or mutual guarantee institutions). It is most probably in this field, as well as in that of social oriented financing, that a great deal of work still remains to be done.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Le Noir, 1997. "La situation et les perspectives d'évolution des systèmes financiers d'Afrique noire francophone," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 41(3), pages 169-177.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1997_num_41_3_2342
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1997.2342
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1997.2342
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