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Équilibre économique et tarification des moyens de paiement

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  • Michel Castel
  • Antoine Mérieux
  • Christophe Marchand

Abstract

[eng] Economic equilibrium and pricing means of payment. The management of bank money payments has become a full scale industry, handling more than ten billion transactions each year. Like all industry, it has become more capital intensive and more sensitive to new products, such as electronic payment. The competition for the management of means of payment and the related banking products and services has grown increasingly keen. This business is a loss-maker for banks in all countries, but especially in France. And it continues to be so, in spite of productivity gains and substantial increases in the charges for some services. This is because of the weak growth of sight deposits over the last ten years and the fall in nominal rates with the end of inflation. This article starts by pointing out that bank money payment instruments resemble both commercial and publicly-owned goods. It then presents the economic justification for interbank fees proposes seven principles for fair pricing. It then deals with the broader issues, setting the principles for a new balance in the management of means of payment. The current system, set up in the 1960s, gives rise to cross-subsidization on a wide scale and provides little incentive to improve services for different types of customers. It is increasingly out of step with today's economic realities. [fre] Avec plus de dix milliards d'opérations par an, la gestion des paiements scripturaux a une véritable dimension industrielle. Comme dans l'industrie, cette gestion est de plus en plus capitalistique et sensible aux nouveaux produits (dont le télépaiement). Elle est, de plus, soumise à une concurrence croissante tant pour la gestion même des moyens de paiement que pour les produits et prestations bancaires connexes qui en découlent. Comme dans tous les pays, en France, cette gestion est déficitaire mais l'est sans doute davantage. Cela malgré les progrès de productivité et l'augmentation assez sensible des tarifs de certaines prestations, en raison de la faible croissance des dépôts à vue depuis près de dix ans et de la baisse des taux nominaux avec la fin de l'inflation. Après avoir rappelé que les moyens de paiement scripturaux comportent à la fois des caractéristiques de bien commercial et de bien collectif et présenté la justification économique des commissions interbancaires, le présent article propose sept principes pour une bonne facturation. Plus largement, il pose les grands principes d'un nouvel équilibre pour la gestion des moyens de paiement ; celui mis en place dans les années soixante - source d'importantes péréquations et pauvre en recherche de qualité pour différents types de clientèles - correspondant de moins en moins bien aux réalités économiques actuelles.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Castel & Antoine Mérieux & Christophe Marchand, 1995. "Équilibre économique et tarification des moyens de paiement," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 35(4), pages 61-81.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1995_num_35_4_2215
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1995.2215
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1995.2215
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