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Les enjeux des politiques monétaires dans les pays en développement

Author

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  • Patrick Guillaumont
  • Sylviane Guillaumont

Abstract

[fre] Le présent article étudie d'abord pourquoi une politique de stabilité monétaire facilite la mobilisation des ressources internes en vue du développement. Pour ce faire, il se situe dans deux grands débats théoriques actuels, relatifs aux effets que la hausse du niveau général des prix exerce sur le taux global d'épargne, soit à travers la répartition des revenus (théorie de l'épargne forcée), soit à travers la rémunération de l'épargne (théorie de la répression financière) ; il est ainsi conduit à dénoncer les illusions de l'épargne forcée et les méfaits de l'inflation sur l'épargne volontaire. L'article analyse ensuite quelle politique monétaire favorise une gestion efficace de l'économie. Il indique ainsi les avantages, mais aussi les risques, de la sélectivité du crédit, et le rôle spécifique que les banques centrales des pays en voie de développement sont tenues de jouer dans la surveillance des banques commerciales. Il montre enfin comment une politique monétaire inflationniste, considérée par certains économistes comme le moyen de modifier efficacement la structure interne des prix, est le plus souvent un facteur de déformation des prix relatifs et d'incertitude conduisant à un investissement moindre et mal orienté. [eng] The Implications of monetary policy in developing countries. This article sets out to examine how a stable monetary policy can facilitate the mobilisation of internal resources for development. It treats the question within the context of two major current theoretical controversies about the effects of a rise in the general price index on the aggregate savings rate, either through income distribution (forced savings theory), or through income from savings (financial repress theory). The article emphasizes the illusory nature of the forced savings approach and the detrimental effects of inflation on voluntary savings. There then follows a discussion about the best monetary policy for effective management of the economy, pointing out the benefits, but also the risks of credit selectivity, and the specific role that the central banks in developing countries must play in the supervision of commercial banks. Finally, the article shows how an inflationary monetary policy (considered by some economists as the best means of effectively modifying the internal price structure) more often induces distortion of relative prices, and a climate of uncertainty resulting in decreased and misdirected investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Guillaumont & Sylviane Guillaumont, 1988. "Les enjeux des politiques monétaires dans les pays en développement," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 7(3), pages 97-108.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1988_num_7_3_1552
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1988.1552
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1988.1552
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