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Conventions de firmes et règles publiques : une interprétation de la politique communautaire de normalisation

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  • Rachel Bocquet
  • Jean-Paul Laurencin

Abstract

[eng] The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the active role of firms in the evolution of the regulation of European standardization. The following hypothesis is tested : « firms create market pattern which provide them with a common representation of their external environment ». Thus, institutions confer a legitimity and a compulsary feature to these conventions. This stabilization which transforms conventions into legal rules doesn't mean that firms are prisoners of this process. They will try to pass this main demand by building new representations. This dynamics is implemented by a mimetical process between a group of firms in cooperative and competitive relationships. The study of the regulation of European standardization from « the new approach » point of view shows with force the commitment of firms both more active and more direct in the european regulation because they are present upstream of the negotiations and have the capacity to prescribe their own representation of their external competitive environment. However, the last public intervention incites to be aware of the limits of this conventional explanation. [fre] Cet article souligne le rôle des firmes dans la politique communautaire de normalisation prise comme un exemple des politiques européennes concernant l'organisation des marchés et la concurrence des entreprises. L'hypothèse avancée est la suivante : « les firmes créent des conventions de concurrence qui leur garantissent une représentation commune de leur environnement concurrentiel ». Ces conventions, en partie concertées et tacites, sont ensuite stabilisées et contextualisées par les institutions nationales et communautaires qui leur confèrent une légitimité et un caractère obligatoire. La stabilisation de telles conventions qui acquièrent le statut de règles de droit par l'intervention publique ne signifie pas que les firmes en soient prisonnières ; dans certains cas, elles vont chercher à les dépasser en faisant émerger de nouvelles représentations communes. Cette dynamique procède de la mise en œuvre d'un processus mimétique entre un ensemble de firmes dont certaines, les PME notamment, sont en partie exclues. L'examen de la politique communautaire de normalisation, avec la place prise par la «nouvelle approche», témoigne justement de l'implication plus active et plus directe des entreprises dans le domaine de la réglementation communautaire par leur présence « en amont » des négociations et leur capacité à imposer leur propre représentation de leur environnement concurrentiel. L'intervention ultime des institutions édictant les règles publiques invite cependant à bien percevoir les limites de cette logique conventionnelle.

Suggested Citation

  • Rachel Bocquet & Jean-Paul Laurencin, 2001. "Conventions de firmes et règles publiques : une interprétation de la politique communautaire de normalisation," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 95(1), pages 23-36.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2001_num_95_1_1785
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2001.1785
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2001.1785
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