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The Effectiveness of Public Policies in R&D

Author

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  • Dominique Guellec
  • Bruno Van Pottelsbergue De La Potterie

Abstract

[eng] This paper investigates the effect of the major R&D policy instruments on business funded R&D expenditure. The analysis covers 17 OECD countries over the period 1981-1996. It is found that government funding of R&D performed by business firms and tax relieves have a positive impact on privately financed R&D. The two policy tools are more effective when stable over time and are substitutes (increasing one of them reduces the impact of the other). The impact of direct government funding is more long-lived than that of tax relieves. The stimulating effect of government funding varies with respect to its level relative to the level of business funded R&D : it increases up to a threshold of about 14 per cent and decreases beyond. Research performed in public labs and universities seems to have a crowding out effect on private R&D. However, this effect of public R&D is mainly due to defence-oriented government funding, while civilian public research is neutral for business R&D." [fre] Ce document vise à quantifier l'effet des financements gouvernementaux sur la dépense de R-D des entreprises au niveau agrégé, pour 17 pays Membres de l'OCDE sur les deux dernières décennies. Les dons, les achats publics, les incitations fiscales et la réalisation directe de la recherche (dans les laboratoires publics ou les universités) sont les principaux outils de la politique dans ce domaine. Les principaux résultats de l'étude sont les suivants : i) Le financement direct par le gouvernement de la recherche réalisée par les entreprises (dons ou achats publics) a un effet positif sur le financement de la recherche par les entreprises (un dollar versé aux firmes se traduit en moyenne par 1.70 dollars de recherche), ii) Les incitations fiscales ont un effet positif (bien de court terme) sur le financement de la recherche par les entreprises, in) Le financement direct comme les incitations fiscales sont plus efficaces lorsqu'ils sont stables dans le temps : les firmes n 'effectuent pas de dépenses supplémentaires en recherche si elles ne sont pas assurées de la durabilité du soutien gouvernemental, iv) Le financement direct et les incitations fiscales sont substituables : une intensité plus élevée de l'un réduit l'effet de l'autre sur la recherche des entreprises, v) L'effet stimulant du financement public varie selon sa générosité: il augmente jusqu'à un certain niveau (environ 13 % de la recherche des entreprises) puis diminue au-delà, vi) La recherche liée à la défense réalisée dans les laboratoires publics et les universités évince la recherche sur fonds privés; la recherche publique à finalité civile n'a pas d'effet sur la dépense de recherche des entreprises.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Guellec & Bruno Van Pottelsbergue De La Potterie, 2001. "The Effectiveness of Public Policies in R&D," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 94(1), pages 49-68.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_2001_num_94_1_1780
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.2001.1780
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.2001.1780
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ljungwall, Christer & Tingvall, Patrik Gustavsson, 2015. "Is China different? A meta-analysis of the growth-enhancing effect from R&D spending in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 272-278.
    2. Roper, Stephen & Hewitt-Dundas, Nola & Love, James H., 2004. "An ex ante evaluation framework for the regional benefits of publicly supported R&D projects," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 487-509, April.
    3. Ben R. Martin, 2015. "R&D Policy Instruments: A Critical Review of What We Do & Don't Know," Working Papers wp476, Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge.
    4. María Jesús Abellán Madrid & Antonio García-Tabuenca & Cristina Suárez Gálvez, 2015. "R&D investments and firm survival across regions," Chapters, in: Charlie Karlsson & Urban Gråsjö & Sofia Wixe (ed.), Innovation and Entrepreneurship in the Global Economy, chapter 1, pages 21-43, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Stephen Roper & Nola Hewitt-Dundas & James H Love, 2003. "An Ex Ante Evaluation Framework for the Regional Impact of Publicly Supported R&D Projects," ERSA conference papers ersa03p100, European Regional Science Association.
    6. Martina Halaskova & Beata Gavurova & Kristina Kocisova, 2020. "Research and Development Efficiency in Public and Private Sectors: An Empirical Analysis of EU Countries by Using DEA Methodology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-22, August.
    7. Ljungwall, Christer & Gustavsson Tingvall, Patrik, 2014. "No. 233 Is China Different? A Meta-Analysis of the Growth-enhancing Effect from R&D Spending in China," Ratio Working Papers 233, The Ratio Institute.
    8. María Callejón & José García-Quevedo, 2005. "Public Subsidies to Business R&D: Do They Stimulate Private Expenditures?," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 23(2), pages 279-293, April.

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