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La stratégie industrielle de l'Union européenne : à la recherche d'un concept de politique de compétitivité globale

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  • Jean-François Marchipont

Abstract

[fre] La politique industrielle de l'Union européenne a connu au cours des cinq dernières années de profonds changements caractérisés par le passage d'une politique sectorielle et défensive à une véritable politique de compétitivité industrielle horizontale, offensive et fondée sur la liberté des échanges. Bien que cette évolution ait été actée dans le traité sur l'Union européenne, il faut constater qu'elle demeure encore peu perçue tant en raison des traditions sectorielles qui subsistent dans la plupart des États membres de l'Union qu'en raison de la difficulté qui existe à faire apparaître concrètement et en termes opérationnels les effets d'une politique de compétitivité orientée vers l'amélioration de l'environnement des entreprises plutôt que vers des objectifs aisément quantifiables. Cette nouvelle politique est dès lors confrontée à un double défi : celui de sa reconnaissance par l'ensemble des partenaires de l'Union européenne d'une part, celui de sa confrontation aux stratégies de ses concurrents extérieurs d'autre part. [eng] During the last years the European Industrial Policy experimented a dramatic change whose mean component is the shift from a defensive sectorial policy to a real policy of industrial competitiveness. That new policy is horizontal, offensive and based on free trade. Despite the fact that the new orientation has been acted under the treaty of the European Union, it still remains with a very limited visibility. This results from two points : the sectorial traditions still alive within most of members states and the difficulties related to the implementation of qualitative policies designed for the improvement of industrial environment instead of quantifiable objectives. This new policy is thus confronted to a double challenge : that one of its domestic recognition byall partners of the Union and that one of its confrontation to the foreign competitors strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-François Marchipont, 1995. "La stratégie industrielle de l'Union européenne : à la recherche d'un concept de politique de compétitivité globale," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 71(1), pages 17-37.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1995_num_71_1_1555
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1995.1555
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1995.1555
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