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PME, incertitude et organisation industrielle : une mise en perspective théorique

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  • Christian Picory

Abstract

[eng] This paper deals with the traditional distinction between small — and large-sized firms. First, it points out that this division must be analysed in the theoretical framework of the opposition between the two polar market structures — pure competition or monopoly — and the consequences resulting from the negation of this market structures. This distinction does not simply underline the capacity of small-sized firms to gain from internal economies of scale or innovation processes. It mainly highlights the importance of the industrial organization — internal or external — in the definition of the identity of the firm. It implies the ability of firms or their concentration in district or network units, to manage the consequences of radical and dynamic uncertainty, by means of forward-looking or reactive organizational strategies, both internal and external. [fre] Cet article a pour objet d'examiner la distinction traditionnelle entre PME et grande entreprise. Il montre tout d'abord que cette distinction doit être replacée dans la perspective théorique de l'opposition des formes polaires de marché — concurrence pure versus monopole — et des conséquences qui résultent du dépassement de celles-ci. Dans cet esprit, l'enjeu de cette distinction n'est pas tant la capacité des PME à engranger les bénéfices liés aux économies internes d'échelle ou à l'innovation interne que le rôle de l'organisation industrielle — interne et externe — dans la définition de l'identité de la firme. Est alors interpellée, la capacité non seulement de la firme — très petite, petite, moyenne, ou grande — mais encore d'agrégats territoriaux (districts) ou économiques d'entreprises (districts économiques comme les réseaux), à maîtriser les conséquences de l'incertitude radicale et dynamique, au moyen de stratégies d'organisation interne et externe (coopération, fusion acquisition, spécialisation/division du travail,...) proactives, voire innovatrices et/ou simplement réactives.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Picory, 1994. "PME, incertitude et organisation industrielle : une mise en perspective théorique," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 67(1), pages 40-58.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1994_num_67_1_1505
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1994.1505
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1994.1505
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    Cited by:

    1. Christian Picory & Bernard Geffroy, 1995. "Degré d'intégration bancaire des PME : Une approche par l'organisation industrielle," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 46(2), pages 365-392.
    2. Frédéric Boccara, 1998. "Emploi : mythe des PME et réalités des groupes," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 319(1), pages 137-161.

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