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Italie : spécialisation flexible et dépassement du fordisme

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  • Jean-Pierre Durand

Abstract

[fre] L'industrialisation à spécialisation flexible peut-elle apparaître comme le dépassement du fordisme, ainsi que l'ont écrit M. Piore et Ch. Sabel ? Cet article montre les spécificités historiques, géographiques et économiques de l'émergence de cette troisième Italie du Centre et du Nord-Est : une désindustrialisation programmée par le Gouvernement central, une disponibilité de main-d'œuvre volontaire, une capacité entrepreneuriale, et le soutien des petites entreprises par les autorités régionales.. On peut alors s'interroger sur le caractère opératoire d'une définition trop extensive (par rapport à la réalité de la troisième Italie) qui inclut des modèles aussi différents que ceux du Japon ou de l'Allemagne comme voie du dépassement du fordisme. Enfin, à travers l'analyse de l'évolution de l'industrialisation à spécialisation flexible en Italie, on peut se demander si celle-ci ne constitue pas, dans les conditions modernes de production, une voie originale d'industrialisation... conduisant d'ailleurs à un néo-fordisme déjà rencontré sous d'autres cieux. [eng] Can industrialisation through flexible specialisation as viewed by M. Piore and Ch. Sabel appear as the transcendance of Fordism ?. This article points out the historical, geographical and economic specificity of the emergeance of a « Third Italy » within the North-East and Central regions : its programmed de-industrialisation by the central government, its willful and available work-force, its scope for free entreprise, and the support given to its small businesses by local authorities.. Thus, it seems necessary to ponder upon whether a too global definition (based upon the realities within this Third Italy) covering models as differing as those of Japan and Germany is a truly operative way of transcending Fordism.. Last, but not least, one must — through an analysis of the evolution of flexible specialisation in Italy's industry — bear in mind whether the latter constitutes, in modem production conditions, a novel means of industrialisation... that, in fact, leads to neo-fordism and that can already be found elsewhere.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Durand, 1991. "Italie : spécialisation flexible et dépassement du fordisme," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 58(1), pages 47-63.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1991_num_58_1_1389
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1991.1389
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1991.1389
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    Cited by:

    1. Améziane Ferguene & Abderraouf Hsaini, 1998. "Organisation productive flexible et dynamique d'industrialisation à échelle locale : le système de spécialisation souple d'El-Jem (Tunisie)," Revue Tiers Monde, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(156), pages 905-921.
    2. Bertrand Savoye, 1996. "Analyse comparative des micro-entreprises dans les PED et dans les pays industrialisés. Une approche critique des analyses du secteur informel," Revue Tiers Monde, Programme National Persée, vol. 37(148), pages 953-967.

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