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Evolution comparée de la compétitivité de la production d'électricité d'origine nucléaire aux Etats-Unis et en France

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  • Dominique Finon

Abstract

[fre] Une comparaison des différents éléments du coût des kWh nucléaire et thermique classique et de leur évolution en France et aux Etats Unis met en relief les facteurs respectifs de changement de la compétitivité des centrales nucléaires (essentiellement l'inexpérience industrielle, le renforcement des contrôles ainsi que des règlements de sécurité et de protection de l'environnement). Cette comparaison nécessite de surmonter d'abord les difficultés posées par les différences de modes de calcul et leurs imperfections avant d'étudier successivement les frais d'exploitation (combustibles, entretien, main d'oeuvre etc..) et les coûts d'investissement. Elle permet de mettre en évidence l'incertitude des paramètres de coût, la similitude des situations françaises et américaines et, dans chaque pays, la relative équivalence des coûts des kWh nucléaire et thermique classique, alors que l'écart était de l'ordre d'un facteur deux en France en 1974. Cela devrait conduire à reformuler les choix nucléaires d'abord et avant tout en termes politiques. [eng] Comparison of the different elements in the cost of electrical generation and their evolution in France and in the U.S.A. reveals the respective sources of change in the competitiveness: stricter controls and safety and environmental protection norms. Such a comparison necessitates that the difficulties which arise from the various methods of calculation and their imperfections are first resolved, before the operating costs (fuel, running and maintenance costs, etc..) can be progressively taken into consideration and also the investments costs. The comparison demonstrates, furthermore, (1) the considerable uncertainty concerning cost parameters, (2) the similarity of the French and American situations, and (3) the relative equivalence of the costs of nuclear as compared with conventional power generation though this cost difference was a factor 2 in France in 1974. In itself this should provoke a reconsideration in essentially political terms of the choice of nuclear power.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Finon, 1977. "Evolution comparée de la compétitivité de la production d'électricité d'origine nucléaire aux Etats-Unis et en France," Revue d'Économie Industrielle, Programme National Persée, vol. 2(1), pages 22-56.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:recind:rei_0154-3229_1977_num_2_1_1863
    DOI: 10.3406/rei.1977.1863
    Note: DOI:10.3406/rei.1977.1863
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