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Histoire anthropométrique de la France de l'Ancien Régime

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  • John Komlos

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Un échantillon de 38 700 observations sur les recrues a été extrait des documents militaires d'archives datant des règnes de Louis XV et Louis XVI. Ce sont là les sources écrites les plus anciennes jamais étudiées sur l'évolution de la taille humaine. La taille moyenne des individus est fonction de leur alimentation et de leurs conditions de vie ; l'étude de ses fluctuations permet une approche indirecte de l'évolution des revenus réels. La taille moyenne des adultes masculins français est très basse à la fin du XVIIe siècle : 1617 mm entre 1666 et 1694. Elle s'accroît rapidement entre 1695 et 1706, puis plus lentement entre 1725 et 1740. Au cours des années cinquante, elle redescend de façon significative. Les années précédant la Révolution semblent montrer une baisse seulement très légère de la taille moyenne. De fortes disparités existent entre les catégories socioprofessionnelles et entre les régions (les plus petites tailles s'observant dans le France du Centre-Ouest). [eng] Abstract A sample of 38 700 observations on recruits was extracted from archival military documents generated under the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI. These are the earliest written records on human physical stature hitherto analyzed. Average human height is depending on nutritional status and living standard. Studying the variations of the average height permits to approach indirectly the evolution of the real income. The average physical stature of French male adults is at the end ofxvuth century very low : 1617 mm between 1666 and 1694. It grows rapidly between 1695 and 1706, then more slowly between 1725 and 1740. During the 1750's, it decreases significantly. During the years preceding the French Revolution, the decrease of the stature seems to be only very slight. There are important disparities between professions and between regions (the smallest people living in Centre West of France).

Suggested Citation

  • John Komlos, 2003. "Histoire anthropométrique de la France de l'Ancien Régime," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(4), pages 519-536.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2003_num_22_4_2338
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2003.2338
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2003.2338
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