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La structure du déficit extérieur américain

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  • Jean Rivière

Abstract

[eng] Abstract This paper places the present American trade deficit in its historical context, starting with the rise of the United States to great power status in the 19th century. It probes the causes of the long- term phases of deficit, then of surplus, then of deficit again since 1972. It then shows what mechanisms increased the different kinds of deficits : firstly the deficit of the trade of goods, secondly the deficit of current accounts. An explanation is given for the position of the United States as net debtor to the rest of the world since 1985. To conclude, this papers draws attention to the worsening deficits of current accounts and of the federal budget in recent years, and shows that the present situation, characterised by a loss of confidence in the capitalist economy itself (caused by the aura of scandal which shrouded the bankruptcies of such companies as Enron and Worldcom), is eminently unstable. [fre] Résumé L'article situe d'abord le déficit extérieur américain actuel dans une perspective historique depuis l'émergence des États-Unis sur la scène internationale au XIXe siècle. Il analyse les raisons des longues périodes de déficit, de surplus, puis à nouveau de déficit depuis 1972. L'étude montre ensuite comment les divers déficits se sont creusés: d'abord, celui des marchandises, puis celui des transactions courantes et rend compte de la position débitrice nette des États-Unis depuis 1985. La conclusion insiste sur le retour du double déficit (du budget fédéral et des transactions courantes), en montrant toute la volatilité de la situation actuelle et la crise de confiance envers l'entreprise capitaliste, après les scandales et les faillites à' Enron et de Worldcom.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Rivière, 2003. "La structure du déficit extérieur américain," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 22(1), pages 105-121.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2003_num_22_1_2287
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2003.2287
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2003.2287
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