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Le rôle des prescriptions médicamenteuses dans la société française du XVIIIe siècle

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  • Pascale Gramain-Kibleur

Abstract

[eng] Abstract In order to evaluate the existence of a potential gap between current society's medicalization and that from the past, the analysis of an original corpus ofxvmth century's prescriptions has been used as prescriptions themselves formalize the relationship between the patient and the physician. The analysis of the above mentional corpus was carried out taking into account that the implication of the three main actors (prescribing physician, patient and pharmacist) is reflected in the prescription itself This led us to consider the form of the prescription within the context of the seek for recognition of the medical profession 's social status at this period of time. We have beforehand excluded the analysis of the therapeutic adequacy of the prescriptions and we have concentrated on the "work of appearances" reflected by the redaction of the medical prescription. We noted the identification of the three actors defined above, and we have considered the prescription 's recipient. As for the form itself, we have considered the language used, including the tongue, as well the gra- phism and the writing style. The initial goal of prescriptions is of course remedies' prescription, and so have we noticed the kind of prescribed remedies, the preparation that was recommended, and the kind of prescribed remedies, the operating mode if any, as well as any accompanying recommendations. We noticed, as a result, the premises of an evolution towards a standardisation of the prescriptions. Yesterday like today, the medical prescription ends the "singular seminar" , and is ever its sole perceptible representation at the XVIIIth century. The medical prescription allowed and still allows to segregate profane and professional by formalising an unbalanced relationship between those who own a certain knowledge and those to whom it is applied; that latter asking to being prescribed by people whose status ascertains a reasuring médicalisation of the society. [fre] Résumé La mesure d'un écart entre la médicalisation actuelle et celle d'autrefois peut se lire à travers l'analyse d'un corpus original d'ordonnances du XVIIIe siècle parce que l'utilisation des ordonnances formalise le circuit entre un malade et un soignant. L'analyse de ce corpus a été conduite en partant du principe que l'implication des trois acteurs par lesquels transite l'ordonnance (prescripteur, malade, pharmacien) peut se cristalliser autour de ce document. Cela nous a conduit à replacer le problème de la forme des ordonnances dans le contexte de recherche de reconnaissance du statut des professions médicales de l'époque. Dans cette optique, nous avons d'emblée écarté la notion de pertinence thérapeutique, en nous concentrant sur le «travail des apparences» réalisé lors de la rédaction de l'ordonnance. Nous avons donc relevé l'identification éventuelle sur les ordonnances des acteurs que nous avons définis, et nous nous sommes interrogés sur le ou les destinataires de l'ordonnance. En ce qui concerne la forme proprement dite, nous avons examiné le langage utilisé - aussi bien la langue que le graphisme et le style de la rédaction. La vocation première des ordonnances étant la prescription de remèdes, nous avons relevé les genres de remèdes prescrits et le mode d'exécution préconisé, ainsi que les types de précisions qui accompagnent les prescriptions. Nous avons constaté l'esquisse d'une évolution vers une pratique standardisée. Hier comme aujourd'hui, l'ordonnance clôt le colloque singulier, et en constitue de surcroît la seule trace au XVIIIe siècle. L'ordonnance permettait et permet toujours de distinguer les profanes des professionnels par la formalisation d'un rapport déséquilibré entre les tenants d'un savoir et ceux sur lesquels il s'applique; ces derniers demandant à ce qu'un traitement leur soit prescrit par des personnes dont le statut reflète une médicalisation rassurante de la société.

Suggested Citation

  • Pascale Gramain-Kibleur, 2001. "Le rôle des prescriptions médicamenteuses dans la société française du XVIIIe siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 20(3), pages 321-337.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2001_num_20_3_2229
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2001.2229
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2001.2229
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