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Colbert et les offices

Author

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  • William Doyle

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Depuis le règne de François Ier, la monarchie a trouvé des revenus de plus en plus importants grâce à la vente et à la manipulation des offices vénaux. Pendant les guerres des années 1630 et 1640, la vénalité a été exploitée jusqu'à ses limites. Colbert connaissait bien ce système et y a même participé mais, pendant la Fronde, il s'est rendu compte qu'une révolte des officiers pouvait plonger la France dans le chaos. Il s'est inquiété en même temps du fait que la vénalité détournait le capital et les capacités humaines des activités économiques plus productives. Aussi, arrivé au pouvoir dans les années 1660, fit-il un effort sérieux pour diminuer le nombre des offices et faire baisser leur prix dans l'espoir de préparer la suppression entière du système. Mais il n'a jamais disposé d'un capital suffisant pour rembourser la plupart des officiers et les ambitions militaires du roi ne lui permirent jamais de se passer des ressources supplémentaires apportées par la vénalité. Sa résistance aux préparatifs de la guerre de Hollande faillirent lui coûter son poste et Colbert se mit alors à exploiter la vénalité tout aussi systématiquement que ses prédécesseurs, malgré sa conviction unique parmi les ministres des finances de l'Ancien Régime, que la suppression de la vénalité était aussi possible que souhaitable. [eng] Abstract Without the sale and manipulation of venal offices, kings from Francois Ier to Louis XIII would have found it impossible to wage war on the scale they did. But eventually, in the 1640s, the exploitation of office-holders went too far, and the result was the Fronde. Colbert knew the world of venality well, but was shocked by the debilitating effect of the Fronde on royal power. He was also worried by the diversion of capital into the sterile investment of offices. On attaining power after the overthrow of Fouquet, he spent ten years planning to diminish the number of offices, the privileges their holders enjoyed, and the prices they paid. He saw it as a start in the elimination of the entire system, and was able to achieve some short-term success. Louis XIV, however, was determined to make war on the Dutch and the Spaniards, and to finance this ambition he needed to use all the classic expedients, including the exploitation of venality. Colbert was forced to choose between his reform plans and finding the the king the money he required, and by the 1670s he was exploiting venality again quite as ruthlessly as any of his predecessors.

Suggested Citation

  • William Doyle, 2000. "Colbert et les offices," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 19(4), pages 469-480.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_2000_num_19_4_2130
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.2000.2130
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.2000.2130
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    Cited by:

    1. Crettez, Bertrand & Deffains, Bruno & Musy, Olivier & Tallec, Ronan, 2020. "State Capacity, Legal Design and the Venality of Judicial Offices," MPRA Paper 105009, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Touria Jaaidane & Olivier Musy & Ronan Tallec, 2023. "Rent-seeking, reform, and conflict: French parliaments at the end of the Old Regime," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 194(3), pages 249-275, March.

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