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Aux origines du Plan Marshall

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  • Gérard Bossuat

Abstract

[fre] Résumés Cet article s'attache à présenter les raisons du projet américain d'aide à l'Europe exprimé le 5 juin 1947 par George C. Marshall, secrétaire d'État. Il s'agit de savoir si les Américains ont proposé d'aider les Européens pour des raisons politiques, - on songe à l'endiguement -, des raisons humanitaires, - sauver l'Europe de la misère, comme dit Marshall -, pour gagner des marchés à l'économie américaine. Les raisons américaines ne sont pas simples et très éloignées des réponses catégoriques faites au temps de la guerre froide. Le plan Marshall répondait probablement au destin que les États-Unis avaient assumé du fait de la carence européenne, remodeler l'ancien monde à l'image de la réussite du nouveau pour empêcher un nouveau cycle de catastrophes. [eng] Abstract This article aims at presenting the origin of the American plan for Aid to Europe expressed by the Secretary of State George C. Marshall on the 5th June, 1947. It is essential to know the reasons why the Truman Administration proposed to help European peoples. Was it in connection with any political factors, - containment against communism -, or linked to humanitarian reasons, - to move away Europe from starvation and misery -, or to win any economic markets for the benefit of the American economy ? The American reasons are complex and far from adament answers given at the time of the Cold War. The Marshall plan, such as it appears through the Marshall speech, probably matched with the actual United States destiny, which resulted from the Europe shortcomings. The United States mission was to reshape the Old world along the cultural, economical and political standards of the New to avoid a new cycle of disasters.

Suggested Citation

  • Gérard Bossuat, 1999. "Aux origines du Plan Marshall," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(2), pages 275-296.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_2_2032
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2032
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2032
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