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De la reconstruction agraire à la mise en vente des biens nationaux : possession de la terre, conjoncture agraire et rapports sociaux dans la plaine d'Alsace (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)

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  • Jean-Michel Boehler

Abstract

[fre] Résumé La présente contribution répond à un double objectif. Il importe d'une part de dégager l'ambiguïté de la notion de «propriété». Sous l'Ancien Régime, le paysan, habitué aux situations concrètes et aux pratiques coutumières ne s'embarrasse guère de la valeur juridique des concepts, entretient habilement la confusion entre la «possession» et la «propriété» du sol, la première l'intéressant bien davantage que la seconde. Il convient ensuite de mettre en évidence l'articulation entre le contexte conjoncturel, les modes de tenure et les rapports de forces, tant entre seigneurs et paysans qu'entre bailleurs et preneurs, à la lumière de la compétition autour de la terre. En passant d'une période de reconstruction, au lendemain de la crise du XVIIe siècle, à une période d'essor de la rente foncière au XVIIIe siècle, la campagne alsacienne témoigne, en dépit de sa singularité qui l'apparente au monde rhénan, d'une évolution significative. De bonne heure, se mettent en place les mécanismes qui présideront à la mise en vente des biens nationaux. [eng] Abstract This paper precised the concept of property, and especially the relations between those who possessed and those who used the land. Land belonged both to the peasant and to the lord, however their interests were most of the time divergent. Peasants, little concerned about legal aspects, benefited of this complexity in their own interest. Alsace was a very good example to investigate this point. First because the country experienced a rebuilding period after the seventeenth century crisis, then a real expansion on the eighteenth. Second because great manors were rather uncomon and very small property rather numerous. It appeared really as a specific model in France.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Michel Boehler, 1999. "De la reconstruction agraire à la mise en vente des biens nationaux : possession de la terre, conjoncture agraire et rapports sociaux dans la plaine d'Alsace (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 18(1), pages 43-62.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1999_num_18_1_2017
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1999.2017
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1999.2017
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