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Les débuts en France de l'American Mutoscope and Biograph Company

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  • Jean-Jacques Meusy
  • Paul C. Spehr

Abstract

[fre] Résumé A l'aube du cinéma, l'American Mutoscope and Biograph Co. a été, aux États-Unis, le principal concurrent d'Edison. La compagnie avait adopté des technologies spécifiques, notamment un format de film distinct, afin, espérait-elle, d'éviter des poursuites judiciaires de la part d'Edison. Elle exploitait ses films parallèlement en salles et dans des appareils à sous, les Mutoscopes. Dès 1897, elle commençait à fonder des filiales dans plusieurs pays et devenait la première « multinationale » de l'histoire du cinéma. Les projections en France débutèrent au Casino de Paris, en septembre 1897. La filiale française, constituée à Londres en 1898 et dirigée à Paris par Julian W. Orde, entreprit la même année la construction dans la banlieue parisienne (à Courbevoie) d'un « théâtre de prise de vues » en plein air, de laboratoires et d'ateliers. Eugène Lauste, le futur pionnier du cinéma sonore, en fut le directeur technique jusqu'à la fin de septembre 1900. A cette époque, la filiale française rencontra des difficultés financières qui l'obligèrent à réduire ses activités. Elle fut dissoute après faillite en 1908. [eng] Abstract In the early days of the cinema, the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company was Edison 's biggest competition in the United States. The company had adopted specific technology, especially a distinct film format, in order, it hoped, to avoid being challenged in court by Edison. The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company showed its films in public halls and in Mutoscopes, which were coin-operated machines. As early as 1897, the company started to create subsidaries in several countries to become the first multinational in the history of cinema. The showings in France began in the Casino de Paris in September 1897. The French subsidiary, created in London in 1898 and managed in Paris by Julian W. Orde undertook that same year to build an open-air "theater for taking views " in the Paris suburb of Courbevoie, with both laboratories and workshops. The future pioneer of sound film, Eugène Lauste, was the technical director until yhe end of September 1900. At this time, the French subsidiary ran into serious financial difficulties, which forced it to reduce its activity. The company was dissolved in 1908 after going bankrupt.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Jacques Meusy & Paul C. Spehr, 1997. "Les débuts en France de l'American Mutoscope and Biograph Company," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(4), pages 671-708.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1997_num_16_4_1969
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1997.1969
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1997.1969
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