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Productivité, efficience et profitabilité des sytèmes de communication en France et Angleterre à la veille de 1914

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  • Jean-Pierre Dormois

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Les postes et communications à longue distance offrent le premier exemple historique, dans le monde né de la révolution industrielle, de gestion de services marchands par la puissance publique. On peut par conséquent tenter de mesurer la productivité et l'efficience de ces activités à l'instar des services industriels du secteur concurrentiel. Dans l'article suivant, on a exploré, dans le cadre d'une comparaison franco-britannique, ces possibilités et défini les modalités d'estimation de la productivité, de l'efficience et de la rentabilité de la distribution du courrier, de la transmission des télégrammes et messages téléphoniques dans les conditions de monopole public. Pour la période considérée — l'immédiat avant-première guerre mondiale — les résultats obtenus pointent en direction d'une relative infériorité des P.T.T. français vis-à-vis des services du General Post Office (de l'ordre de 18 %). Mais le différentiel de productivité varie selon qu'on s'attache à une comparaison d'indicateurs de quantité ou de valeur. La situation monopolistique introduit en outre d'importantes inconnues quant à la rentabilité effective de ces services. La budgétisation des recettes et des dépenses du premier « service public » a entraîné des transferts de subventions qui ont contribué à masquer la réalité aux yeux des gestionnaires et des décideurs de l'époque comme à ceux de l'observateur contemporain. C'est pourquoi il n'est pas sûr que l'existence d'entités séparées et autonomes pour ces trois services n'aurait pas à long-terme, permis de répondre mieux à la demande du public. [eng] Abstract The postal service, as well as long-distance communications, emerge as the first historical example of a government-managed enterprise in an industrial society. It is therefore possible to apply to these activities standard measurement procedures as are used for privately-managed, market-constrained industral firms. In this article an attempt is made, in the framework of an Anglo-French comparaison, to explore the possibilities for estimating productivity, efficiency and profitability of mail delivery and the transmission of telegraph and telephone messages. For the period under consideration — that immediately preceding World War One — observed results point to a relative inferiority is of services by the French P.T.T. compared to those of the G.P.O. (the gap of the order of 18 %). Yet the productivity differential tends to fluctuate according to the standard used whether it be volume or value indicators. In addition the monopolistic status of both public companies introduces an unknown bias as far as profitability of these services is concerned. Cross-subsidizing probably blurred the picture in the eye of decision-makers and managers as it does to that of the present-day observer. In the long term, separate and independent organisations left to their own in a competitive albeit regulated setting, might have been better equipped to respond to actual market demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Pierre Dormois, 1995. "Productivité, efficience et profitabilité des sytèmes de communication en France et Angleterre à la veille de 1914," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(3), pages 479-500.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_3_1786
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1995.1786
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1995.1786
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