IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/hiseco/hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_2_1775.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

La Société de construction des Batignolles de 1914 à 1939, histoire d'un déclin

Author

Listed:
  • Anne Burnel

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Fondée en 1846, la Société de Construction des Batignolles était, à la veille de la première guerre mondiale, une firme de constructions métalliques, mécaniques et de génie civil renommée pour ses prestigieuses réalisations tant en France qu'à l'étranger. Pendant le conflit, l'entreprise se reconvertit dans la production d'armements qu'elle fabriqua en quantité massive. Cet engagement dans l'effort de guerre lui permit d'engranger des bénéfices considérables et d'amorcer une politique de groupe ambitieuse. Mais le retour à l'économie de paix ne fut pas propice aux Batignolles. En dépit des opportunités de travaux qu'offrait la Reconstruction, la S.C.B. favorisa son secteur mécanique en produisant notamment des locomotives pour les compagnies de chemin de fer. Cependant la baisse des commandes et des coûts de production élevés dus à un processus de fabrication et à un outillage obsolètes contraignirent l'entreprise à fermer ses ateliers en 1926 et à se réorienter vers le génie civil. Mais, le marché des travaux publics fut caractérisé par une grave dépression entre les deux guerres. Pour remédier à la faiblesse des débouchés en métropole, la S.C.B. prospecta dans l'Empire et à l'étranger, en particulier en Europe du Sud et de l'Est. Sur le plan des contraintes internes, la montée des charges sociales, surtout durant les années vingt, l'insuffisant renouvellement de l'outillage et le manque de capitaux desservirent clairment l'entreprise. Dans ces conditions difficiles, les dirigeants ne furent pas tous à la hauteur des enjeux industriels et techniques auxquels était confrontée l'entreprise. La mort précoce de Gaston Gouin en 1921 priva les Batignolles d'un président d'envergure. Après une tentative de redressement de la société par des dirigeants extérieurs dans la seconde moitié des années vingt, celle-ci repassa aux mains de la famille Gouin qui possédait la moitié du capital entre deux guerres. Malgré ses efforts en vue ď explorer des voies nouvelles, en particulier dans le domaine commercial et dans le choix de ses alliances financières et industrielles, la S.C.B. se laissa distancer par les plus grendes firmes françaises de génie civil. Favorisant le rendement financier à court terme, les dirigeants négligèrent l'autofinancement et fragilisèrent l'assise financière de l'entreprise en cimpromettant durablement sa croissance. [eng] Abstract Founded in 1846, the Société de Construction des Batignolles was, on the eve of the first world war, a famous metallic, mechanical and civil engineering firm because of its realizations in France and abroad. During the war, the firm turned over the manufacturing of arms and it produced masses of them. Thanks to this policy, the firm made big profits and began to organize an important group of affiliated companies. But, when peace came back, Batignolles had to cope with difficulties. In spite of work possibilities offered by Reconstruction, the S.C.B., gave priority to its mechanical department which produced notably locomotives for railway companies. However, commands were decreasing and production costs were high because of obsolete equipment and way of manufacturing so that the firm had to close its workshops in 1926 and to be reconverted to civil engineering. But the market of civil works was highly depressed between the two wars. In order to compensate for the lack of outlets in France, the S.C.B. looked for work in French colonies and abroad, particulary in Southern and Eastern Europe. With regard to internal factors, the increas of social expenses, especially during the 20s, the equipment not being sufficiently replaced and lack of money were clearly against the firm. In these rough conditions, managers were not always up to industrial and technical challenges against which the firm came up. The early death of Gaston Goüin in 1921 deprived Batignolles of a chairman of great ability. When external managers had tried to redress the firm during the second half of the 20s, the Goüin family which was in possession of half of the firm's money between the two wars, got control of the firm again. Though the firm had tried to find new ways of marketing and choosing its financial and industrial partners, it was surpassed by the most important French civil engineering firms. Favouring the immediate financial yield, the managers neglected self-financing and got the firm into debt which jeopardized its development for a long time.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Burnel, 1995. "La Société de construction des Batignolles de 1914 à 1939, histoire d'un déclin," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(2), pages 301-315.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_2_1775
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1995.1775
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1995.1775
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/hes.1995.1775
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_2_1775
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/hes.1995.1775?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_2_1775. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/hes .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.