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Des routes maritimes Europe-Antilles et de leurs incidences sur la rivalité franco-britannique

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  • Christian Buchet

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Deux différences primordiales dans les trajets et les temps de traversées se dégagent de cette étude comparée, menée à partir des journaux de bord des forces navales françaises et britanniques, qui vont à l'encontre de bien des opinions communes. Alors que les escadres françaises passent à mi-distance entre les Açores et Madère, les vaisseaux britanniques, tant par nécessité de mouiller à Madère pour s'approvisionner en vin qu'en raison d'une architecture de coque particulière, suivent une route nettement plus au Sud. De ce fait, les traversées britanniques prennent souvent deux semaines de plus que celles des escadres françaises. Ce phénomène explique pour partie la mortalité des forces anglaises qui contribue, en grevant leur potentiel offensif, à protéger sur plus d'un siècle, c'est-à-dire jusqu'au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, les possessions espagnoles et françaises de la zone caraïbe. [eng] Abstract Out of this comparative study made from the french and british naval forces' log books, emerge two key differences in the routes as well as in the length of the crossing, which are contrary to most widespread opinions. Whereas the french squadrons sailed half-way between the Azores and Madeira, the british vessels followed a route further south both out of the necessity to drop anchor at Madeira (so as to get supplies of wine) and on account of a special hull architecture. The british crossings are thus often twoo weeks longer than the french squadrons and this partly accounts for the death rate being higher among the english forces. While decreasing their offensive potential, such a phenomenon contributed towards protecting the Spanish and french possessions in the Caribbean zone over one century, that is to say until the mid-eighteenth century.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Buchet, 1994. "Des routes maritimes Europe-Antilles et de leurs incidences sur la rivalité franco-britannique," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(4), pages 563-582.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_4_1714
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1994.1714
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1994.1714
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