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Religion, culture et société : les conférences en Normandie, XVIIe-XXe siècles

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  • Michel Bée

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Si, sous l'Ancien régime, la confrérie constitue une communauté très adaptée à une société de corps et de rang, à partir de la Révolution, laïcisation de l'État et désincorporation de la société la placent en situation marginale. Ce changement culturel ne se traduit pas en Normandie de façon homogène ; entre le pays de Caux, le pays d'Auge et le Perche, les confréries de charité gardent leur influence, à la campagne, en particulier à l'occasion des cérémonies funéraires. Le rôle religieux des confréries se situe dans la tension qui du XVIIe au XIXe siècle anime l'Église pour faire pénétrer la réforme post-tridentine dans les pratiques du peuple chrétien. Le clergé prépare l'acculturation religieuse des confréries et leur intégration à la vie paroissiale. Parallèlement celles-ci jouent un rôle important dans la christianisation de la religion populaire, comme dans la popularisation du catholicisme réformé au XVIIe siècle, puis dans l'extension de la piété ultramontaine au XIXe. La création d'une société catholique doit beaucoup, sous l'Ancien Régime, aux élites des confréries urbaines ; la permanence des traditions d'une culture catholique mais aussi l'élan de la dévotion reposent, en partie, dans la Normandie rurale, sur la fidélité des charités et confréries de piété à leur service en Église jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale. [eng] Abstract Nowadays, in a few villages of Normandy, a brotherhood called «charité», assumes the inheritance of an ancient and pregnant tradition. Actually, after a period pf prosperity in the XVth, and a crisis in the XVIth century, succeeds a long time of reforms, under the supervision of the clergy, in order to establish the confraternities inside the parish. From the post-tridentine acculturation to the ultramontane devotions, they get associated with the purpose of christianizing the people. As in other places, some specific confraternities are intended for this aim, such Rosary and Holy-Sacrament ; but, in the same time, more ancient and autonomous ones, the «charités», develop in mid-Normandy, from the Caux, to the Roumois, Lieuvin and Perche, a tight sociability about death, feasts and mutual helps. Dechristinization, but also individualism and desocialization bring them into question ; however, in front of the attacks of Revolution and secularism in the Third Republic, the communal and religious links of the country norman bortherhoods stand firm till, and sometimes after, the first world war.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Bée, 1992. "Religion, culture et société : les conférences en Normandie, XVIIe-XXe siècles," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 11(2), pages 277-293.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1992_num_11_2_1635
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1992.1635
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1992.1635
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