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L'État, les entreprises ferroviaires et leurs profits en France (1830-1860)

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  • Yves Leclercq

Abstract

[fre] Résumé : Les compagnies de chemin de fer correspondent à un cas particulier d'entreprise, parce qu'elles sont dès leur formation sous la dépendance générale de l'Etat. Cela s'explique par la crainte de l'instauration d'un monopole de transport au profit des groupes financiers qui dominent ces nouvelles entreprises Dans le même esprit sécuritaire en faveur des petites et moyennes entreprises, l'Etat obligera progressivement les compagnies à desservir l'ensemble du territoire sur les mêmes bases, par une politique d'égalité tarifaire et de construction de lignes sans limites. L'étude du profit nous montre, qu'avant la formation des réseaux, les chemins de fer les plus rentables sont organisés en système de transport inter-régional sur de grandes distances Si le taux de profit global tend à augmenter jusque 1855, il se réduit ensuite progressivement parce que le poids des lignes de second rang commence à se faire sentir. Cela obligera la mise en place, en 1859, d'un système de financement partagé, entre l'Etat et les compagnies, pour les déficits d'exploitation de ces nouvelles lignes. [eng] Abstract : Railway companies correspond to a particular kind of enterprise because from their beginnings they fell under the general control of the state. This is explained by the fear of the setting up of transport monopolies benefitting the financial groups dominating these new enterprises. In this same spirit of protection in favor of small and middle-sized compagnies, the state progressively compelled companies to cover the whole of the territory on the same basis : through the policy of equal fares and the unlimited construction of lines. The study of profits shows us that before the construction of the networks, the most profitable railways were organized into long-distance interregional systems of transport. Although the global rate of profit had a tendency to rise until 1855, afterwards it fell progressively because the weight of secondary lines begin to make itself felt. This brought about the setting up, in 1859, of a system of shared financing, between the state and the companies, to cover the deficits of these new lines.

Suggested Citation

  • Yves Leclercq, 1990. "L'État, les entreprises ferroviaires et leurs profits en France (1830-1860)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 9(1), pages 39-63.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1990_num_9_1_1566
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1990.1566
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1990.1566
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