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La violence au temps des troubles de religion (vers 1525 - vers 1610)

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  • D. Crouzet

Abstract

[fre] Résumé : Plusieurs hypothèses sont examinées dans le texte qui suit. La première est qu'à l'origine de la déchirure française de la robe de l'Eglise il y a une grande angoisse eschatologique qui se saisit à partir de 1525 des fidèles. La seconde est que le calvinisme provoqua à partir de 1545-1550 des adhésions toujours plus nombreuses parce qu'il était reçu subjectivement comme un mode de libération de l'angoisse du Jugement imminent. La troisième est que les violences des guerres de religion rendent compte de cette rupture : dans leur modalité catholique elles furent des violences de possession par l'Esprit de Dieu, théâtralisant le châtiment eschatologique des réprouvés. Dans leur spécificité huguenote, elles furent des violences de la raison. La quatrième est que la Ligue s'inscrit dans la continuité de cette poussée panique. Génératrice du régicide de 1589, elle fut un mouvement mystique de préparation pénitentieÙe à la venue de Dieu, retournant toutefois la pulsion sacrale de violence vers l'intériorité de chaque fidèle. La cinquième est que la reconstruction de l'Etat fut rendue possible par la diffusion d'une idéologie néo-stoïcienne. [eng] Abstract : This article is abstracted from a doctoral dissertation which was presented to the University of Paris IV-Sorbonne in January 1989. It discusses the following hypotheses : 1) The origin of the break-up of Christian unity in France lies in a powerful eschatological anguish, which spread among the faithful from 1 525 onwards ; 2) Calvinism enjoyed growing support from 1545-1550 onwards, because it was subjectively received as liberating men from the agony of impending Doomsday ; 3) Acts of violence during the French wars of religion were a reflection of this break-up. In their catholic form, they resulted from possession by God's spirit and theatralized the eschatological punishment of the reprobate. In their huguenot specificity, they were rational deeds ; 4) The Catholic League belongs to the continuum of this panic impulse. As responsible for the regicide of 1589, it was a mystical movement of preparation by penance for the Second Coming, though it reverberated the sacramental impulse to violence btowards the faithful's inner-self ; 5) The restauration of the State was only made possible by the spreading of a neo-stoic ideology.

Suggested Citation

  • D. Crouzet, 1989. "La violence au temps des troubles de religion (vers 1525 - vers 1610)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 8(4), pages 507-525.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1989_num_8_4_2370
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1989.2370
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1989.2370
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