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La Grande Dépression française à la fin du XIXème siècle : réflexion sur sa datation et sur sa fonction

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  • Hubert Bonin

Abstract

[fre] Résumé La Crise actuelle interpelle l'historien et l'économiste en quête de références facilitant la compréhension des mouvements dépressifs de longue durée. La difficulté même de la datation de la dépression de la fin du XIXème siècle indique la nécessité d'affiner la détermination des mécanismes de son enclenchement. Les phénomènes apparents - récessions, krachs, chômage - ne sont que les signes de tensions profondes. Aux cycles internes à certaines branches s'ajoutent les restructurations et les mutations vécues par des branches ébranlées par la concurrence internationale et mondiale, qui redessine la division nationale et internationale du travail. Toutefois, ces explications mécanis- tes doivent être complétées par la crise de l'esprit d'entreprise. La sortie de la Crise suppose à la fois la définition par l'économie française de nouveaux « points forts » et la réapparition d'une motivation des entrepreneurs, largement dépendante désormais de l'environnement conjoncturel mondial. [eng] Abstract The present slump prompts the historian and the economist to look for references, in order that they promote the undestanding of long-terme depressive trends. The difficulty itself encountered in the precise datation of the slump of the end of the 19th century shows the necessity to go further into the knowledge of the mecanisms of its starting. The apparent pheno- menons - recesses, crashes, unemployment - are only signs of deep tensions. To the internal cycles of a few economic sectors are added the restructuring and the complete change of activities shaken by an acute interregional and mundial competition, that outlines a new national and international labour division. These meca- nical explanations however have to be completed by the consequences of the crisis of the entrepreneurship. The way out of the crisis requires the definition by French economy of new strong-holds and the réapparition of an entrepreneurial motivation, that hence depends strongly upon the world economical environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Hubert Bonin, 1987. "La Grande Dépression française à la fin du XIXème siècle : réflexion sur sa datation et sur sa fonction," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(4), pages 509-533.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1987_num_6_4_1469
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1987.1469
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1987.1469
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