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Voyager aux Indes à la fin du XVIIème siècle

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  • Lydie Villers

Abstract

[fre] Résumé Les voyages aux Indes à la fin du XVIIème siècle nécessitaient à la fois esprit d'aventure et organisation. Quelques Français - savants, amateurs de voyages, marchands - en firent l'expérience. Les plus remarquables furent Bernier et Tavernier. Leurs écrits, qui jamais ne se présentent sous la forme de journal de bord, révèlent de nombreux aspects de la vie et de la civilisation indienne sous le règne du dernier des Grands Mogols : Aureng Zeb. Par ailleurs, Bernier fut le premier à pénétrer au Cachemire. Leurs récits sont loin d'être des guides de voyage. Ils sont beaucoup plus que cela. Par exemple, Bernier, le plus intéressant et le plus profond, a des vues très personnelles sur l'économie qu'il soumet à Colbert, de plus, il prend prétexte de sa description de la religion hindoue pour glisser quelques remarques dérangeantes sur le Christianisme et le Clergé. On peut découvrir dans la plupart des livres de voyage une critique subtile du monde occidental. Le monde indien n'est parfois qu'un prétexte et le Relativisme s'y exprime souvent. Leur succès fut grand. Ainsi que leur influence qui transparaît dans la littérature de l'époque. Quant à leur influence politique, restons plus modérés même si nombreux furent ceux qui œuvrèrent à l'implantation de la Compagnie Française des Indes Orientales. Cependant, il faudra attendre le XVIIIème siècle pour que l'Inde et son art influencent l architecture et ce surtout en Grande-Bretagne et que soit entreprise l'étude des plantes grâce à une nouvelle race de voyageurs. [eng] Abstract Travelling at the end of the seventeenth century in India was both a matter of adventure and organization. Some French people - scientists, amateurs or merchants - experienced it. The most representative being Tavernier and Bernier. Their writings which never take the form of a diary reveal many aspects of Indian life and civilization at the time of the last Great Moghul Aureng-Zeb. Furthermore, Bernier was the first to visit Kashemere. We must not assume their work to be just a kind of guide-book; It reveals much more.For instance Bernier the most reliable and the deepest of them all expresses his views on economics and takes advantage of his description of Indian religion to assert his own views on the subject. Thus a subtle criticism of the Western world can be found in most of these books of travelling ; Indian society is used as a safeguard and relativism is never far away. Their success was tremendous. Their influence grew particularly in the field of literature. Their political influence is to be considered with more equanimity though we must not forget that some of them « worked » for the establishment of the French Indian Company. As for the influence of India on Western architecture, mainly in England, or for the study of plants and their following exploitation we will have to wait for the eighteenth century botanists and artists.

Suggested Citation

  • Lydie Villers, 1987. "Voyager aux Indes à la fin du XVIIème siècle," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(4), pages 485-494.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1987_num_6_4_1467
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1987.1467
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1987.1467
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