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Les pouvoirs publics face à une innovation. Développement de l'électricité et adaptation du cadre juridique (1880-1920)

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  • Alain Beltran

Abstract

[eng] Abstract The growth of the French Electrical Network initially took place in a juridical context, in which extreme caution dominated. The authorities believed that the new energy could be the source of unusual danger to the Public. Moreover, in their dealings with local authorities Electricity people could not really by-pass the positions held by Gas people. Generally speaking, Electricity was not viewed as a public service and accordingly did not seem to deserve being above the law. Drafted after much hesitation, the text of June, 15, 1906, on Distribution, made it possible, at last, for Electricity people to obtain legal guarantees favourable to the promotion of a real industrial development. The First World War showed the strategic interest of Electricity. If it growth was encouraged from that moment and on, this did not happen however without a closer and closer interest on the part of the State, the latter finally granting its means of action with the 1919 act on Hydrauhcal Forces and the 1922 act on Transportation Yet, faced with the growing importance of an energy, now considered as a public service, the State, until the late 1920s, was content with the simple part of a watchful observer. [fre] Résumé L'électrification de la France se développe à l'origine dans un contexte juridique marqué par la méfiance. Les autorités estiment que la nouvelle énergie est source de dangers inusités pour le public. D'autre part, sur le terrain municipal, les électriciens ne peuvent véritablement tourner les positions acquises des gaziers. D'une façon générale, l'électricité n'est pas perçue comme un service d'intérêt public et en conséquence ne semble pas mériter d'être portée au-dessus des lois communes. Après bien des hésitations, la loi du 15 juin 1906 sur les distributions permet enfin aux électriciens d'obtenir des assurances légales pouvant favoriser un réel développement industriel. La Première Guerre Mondiale montre l'intérêt stratégique de l'élec- tncité. Si celle-ci se voit dès lors encouragée dans son essor, c'est en revanche sous l'œil de plus en plus intéressé de l'État qui se donne les moyens d'agir par les lois de 1919 sur les forces hydrauliques et de 1922 sur le transport Cependant, face à la croissance d'une énergie reconnue comme un service public, l'État se contente jusqu'à la fin des années Vingt du simple rôle d'observateur attentif.

Suggested Citation

  • Alain Beltran, 1987. "Les pouvoirs publics face à une innovation. Développement de l'électricité et adaptation du cadre juridique (1880-1920)," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(2), pages 157-180.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1987_num_6_2_1445
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1987.1445
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1987.1445
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