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Éleveurs et cultivateurs en Nouvelle Castille à l'époque moderne

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  • M. C. Emine-Huetz de Lemps

Abstract

[fre] A côté du grand élevage transhumant, existait un important élevage local appelé « estante », particulièrement florissant au XVIIe siècle, mais menacé par l'expansion de l'agriculture au XVIe siècle et surtout dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle. La raréfaction des communaux amena cet élevage à subsister essentiellement grâce à la vaine pâture dans les champs, mais aussi dans les vignes, d'où de nombreux conflits avec les cultivateurs. Plusieurs milliers de moutons vivaient ainsi dans de nombreux villages. Peu nombreux et riches, les éleveurs constituaient une véritable oligarchie villageoise. Au XVIIIe siècle cependant existait une catégorie d'éleveurs modestes qui furent victimes de l'individualisme des laboureurs. [eng] Besides the itinerant sheep-raising, an important local one existed, named « estante », which rose to a particular prosperity in the 17th Century, but became threatened by the progress of agriculture in the 16th and especially in the second part of the 18th Century. As common lands shrank, this sheep-raising came to exist chiefly owing to free grazing in the fields and the vineyards, and occasioned numerous conflicts with farmers. Several thousands sheep lived thus in many villages. Grazers were few and rich, thus constituting a real village oligarchy. Nevertheless in the 18th Century, a class of middling grazers existed, who became victims to the farmers' individualism.

Suggested Citation

  • M. C. Emine-Huetz de Lemps, 1986. "Éleveurs et cultivateurs en Nouvelle Castille à l'époque moderne," Histoire, économie & société, Programme National Persée, vol. 5(1), pages 47-76.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:hiseco:hes_0752-5702_1986_num_5_1_1415
    DOI: 10.3406/hes.1986.1415
    Note: DOI:10.3406/hes.1986.1415
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