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Les économies d'énergie dans l'habitat : un gain durable

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  • Ibtissam Haehnel

Abstract

[spa] Las economías de energía en la vivienda : un beneficio durable - Hasta la mitad de los años ochenta, todos los que ocupaban una vivienda tenían dos motivaciones mayores para controlar el consumo de energía doméstica. Por una parte, luego de los choques petroleros de 1973 y de 1979, los precios de energia alcanzaron nivelés totalmente disuasivos. Por otra parte, un amplio sistema de incitaciones de tipo fiscal para el habitat antiguo y de exigencias reglamentarias para el habitat nuevo incitaban a economizar energía : medidas a favor del aislamiento térmico, de los sistemas de regulación, de la mejora del rendimiento de los materiales, etc. Estos dos elementos permiten comprender la amplitud de las obras tendientes a economizar energía que transformaron radicalmente el acondicionamiento de la mayoría de las viviendas existentes y además la construcciôn del habitat nuevo. . En 1986, una de esas motivaciones desapareció : el contrachoque petrolero condujo el precio de la energía a nivelés comparables a los existentes a mediados de los años setenta. Sin embargo, esta inversion de los precios no acarreó un aumento significativo del consumo, siendo este, uno de los éxitos de la política energética. Al fomentar las obras tendientes a economizar energía, dicha politica redujo las necesidades e hizo que el consumo fuera menos sensible a las fluctuaciones de los precios. [fre] Jusqu'au milieu des années quatre-vingt, tout occupant d'un logement avait deux motivations majeures pour maîtriser sa consommation d'énergie domestique. D'une part, à la suite des chocs pétroliers de 1973 et 1979, les prix de l'énergie atteignaient des niveaux largement dissua- sifs. D'autre part, un vaste système d'incitations fiscales dans l'habitat ancien et de contraintes réglementaires dans l'habitat neuf encourageait les économies d'énergie : incitations en faveur de l'isolation thermique, des systèmes de régulation, de l'amélioration des rendements des matériels. Ces deux éléments permettent de comprendre l'ampleur des travaux visant à économiser l'énergie qui ont radicalement transformé l'aménagement de la plupart des logements existants et la construction dans l'habitat neuf. . En 1986, l'une de ces motivations a disparu : le contre- choc a ramené le prix de l'énergie à des niveaux comparables à ceux du milieu des années soixante-dix. Pourtant, ce retournement des prix n'a pas entraîné une reprise significative de la consommation, et c'est là une réussite de la politique énergétique. En encourageant les travaux d'économie d'énergie, celle-ci a réduit les besoins et a probablement rendu la consommation moins sensible aux fluctuations des prix. [eng] Saving Energy in Housing: a Lasting Gain - Until the mid eighties, each occupant of a dwelling had two basic reasons to control his home energy consumption. On the one hand, after the 1973 and 1979 oil crises, energy prices had reached extremely high levels. On the other hand, a wide-ranging system of tax incentives for old homes and of legal constraints for new ones encouraged people to save energy: that is, incentives that favoured better thermal insulation, regulating systems and the improvement of equipment efficiency. These two reasons explain the vast amount of work that has been done to save energy, both in the radical transformation of the . tings in most of the existing homes and in the construction of new dwellings. . In 1986, one of these reasons disappeared: the drop in oil prices brought energy prices back to levels which were comparable to those in the mid seventies. This price reversal, however, did not lead to a meaningful upturn in consumption, which is a victory for the energy saving policy. By encouraging energy-saving alterations, the energy policy reduced the needs and probably made consumption less sensitive to price fluctuations.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibtissam Haehnel, 1991. "Les économies d'énergie dans l'habitat : un gain durable," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 240(1), pages 69-77.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1991_num_240_1_5529
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1991.5529
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1991.5529
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