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La dynamique des taux de change

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  • Olivier Davanne

Abstract

[fre] Le taux de change réel du dollar face au mark a plus que doublé de 1978 à 1985, avant de perdre la moitié de sa valeur jusqu'en 1987. Pour une large fraction, de telles fluctuations brutales s'expliquent par les écarts de taux d'intérêt réels entre pays, qui traduisent des divergences de politique économique. . Certains accidents restent cependant difficiles à analyser par le seul jeu des taux d'intérêt, le plus spectaculaire étant la fameuse "bulle" du printemps 1985. Ils reflètent la très forte volatilité des anticipations formées par les investisseurs privés. Cette volatilité n'implique pas que les agents soient fondamentalement irrationnels, mais plutôt qu'ils ont été confrontés aux chocs de grande ampleur des années quatre-vingt : chocs de taux d'intérêt, choc lié à l'internationalisation des portefeuilles. . La plus grande stabilité du marché des changes des toutes dernières années, au moins entre le dollar et les monnaies européennes, doit beaucoup à la meilleure convergence des politiques économiques ; celle-ci a été favorisée par le développement de la coopération internationale. En outre, dans un contexte progressivement moins incertain, les intervenants eux-mêmes ont pu adopter un comportement plus stabilisateur. [eng] The Dynamics of Exchange Rates - The real exchange rate of the dollar in relation to the mark more than doubled from 1978 to 1985, then it lost half its value by 1987. These sharp fluctuations can largely be explained by the fact that various countries have differences in real interest rates, which is a sign of the discrepancies in their economic policies. . However the dynamics of interest rates cannot entirely explain some unforesseable trends, the most spectacular of which was the well-known "bubble" that apparead in the spring 1985. These trends reflect the exceptionally high volatility of private investors' expectations. This volatility does not imply that brokers are basically irrational, but rather that they were faced with wide-ranging sudden changes in the eighties, that is, changes in interest rates which were related to the internationalization of portfolios. . The increased stability of the exchange market over the last few years is mainly due to the convergence of economic policies. In addition, in an environment which is increasingly more predictable, participants themselves have been able to behave in a fashion which is more conducive to stability. [spa] La dinâmica de los cambios - El cambio real del dólar con relación al marco se acrecentó en más del 50 % entre 1978 y 1985 y desde 1985 hasta 1987 perdió la mitad de su valor. Estas fluctuaciones brutales se explican, en una emplia fracción, por las disparidades de las tasas de interés reaies entre los países, estas traducen las divergencias de políticas económicas. . No obstente, algunos accidentes siguen siendo dificiles de explicar únicamente por las fluctuaciones de las tasas de interés, el más espectacular de ellos fue el de la primavera de 1985. Reflejan la volatilidad muy fuerte de las anticipaciones hechas por los inversores privados. Tal volatilidad no implica que los agentes sean fundamentalmente irracionales sino más bien que han estado confrontados a los choques de gran amplitud de los años 80 : choques provocados por las tasas de interés y choque ligado a la internacionalización de las carieras. . La mayor estabilidad del mercado cambiaro de estos últimos años le debe mucho a la convergencia de las políticas económicas. Además, en un contexto progresivamente menos incierto, los que intervienen han podido adoptar un comportamiento de mayor estabilidad.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Davanne, 1990. "La dynamique des taux de change," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 236(1), pages 37-50.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_236_1_5491
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5491
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5491
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    Cited by:

    1. Pasricha, Gurnain Kaur, 2006. "Survey of Literature on Covered and Uncovered Interest Parities," MPRA Paper 22737, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Rahim Loufir & Catherine Bruno & Pascal Jacquinot, 1992. "L'efficience et la formation des anticipations sur le marché des changes," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(1), pages 249-282.

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