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Les difficultés de recrutement s'accentuent à la fin de 1989

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  • Francis Kramarz
  • Stefan Lollivier

Abstract

[eng] The Hiring of Employees Became More Difficult at the End of 1989 - The recovery of industrial activity since 1967 was joined by a recovery of investment, particularly the type aimed at increasing the productive capacity. This recovery produced a rebound in industrial employment in 1989, but it was also accompanied by an increase in the difficulties in hiring labor as early as 1987. . Labor is not homogeneous: the difficulties in hiring exa- cutives and technicians, which were primarily linked to the efforts made to update the equipment or organization of firms, occurred a long time before the present investment wave. On the contrary, the difficulties encountered in hiring qualified workmen seem to stem from the current strain on the productive capacity: to the labor required by the increase in capacity can be added the strain during the period when firms adjust their capital to the desired level; it than seems as if firms were trying to make up for insufficient capital with skilled workers. Lastly, the difficulties in hiring unskilled labor have been negligible since the early eighties. . Large firms are not subjected to the problems of hiring unskilled workmen and small ones do not encounter difficulties in hiring executives. Middle-sized firms, on the other hand, are severaly affected by the problem and have grest difficulty hiring both skilled workmen and executives. [fre] Avec la reprise de l'activité industrielle depuis 1987, l'investissement s'est redressé, notamment celui destiné à accroître les capacités de production. Ce dynamisme a entraîné une reprise de l'emploi industriel en 1989 mais s'est accompagné dès 1987 de difficultés de recrutement accrues. . La main-d'œuvre n'est pas homogène : les difficultés de recrutement des cadres et techniciens sont bien antérieures à la vague actuelle d'investissement ; elles sont la conséquence des besoins en ces catégories de personnel, qui sont liés aux efforts de modernisation des équipements ou de l'organisation. Au contraire, les difficultés de recrutement d'ouvriers qualifiés semblent augmenter avec les tensions actuelles sur les capacités de production : aux besoins en main-d'œuvre induits par l'accroissement des capacités s'ajoutent des tensions dans les périodes où les entreprises ajustent le capital à son niveau désiré ; tout se passe alors comme si les entreprises cherchaient à substituer du travail qualifié à du capital insuffisant. Enfin, les difficultés de recrutement de main-d'œuvre non qualifiée sont minimes depuis le début des années quatre- vingt. . Les grandes entreprises ne rencontrent pas de problèmes de recrutement d'ouvriers non qualifiés, et les petites n'éprouvent pas de difficultés pour recruter des cadres. Mais les plus sévèrement affectées sont les entreprises moyennes qui éprouvent des difficultés à la fois pour embaucher des ouvriers qualifiés et des cadres. [spa] Las dificultades para contratar personal se han acentuado a finales de 1989 - La recuperación que conoce la actividad industrial a partir de 1989, ha ocasionado el incremento de la inversión, especialmente aquella destinada a aumentar la capacidad de producción. Este incremento ha traído aparejada la reactivación del empleo en el sector industrial en 1989 pero ya en 1987 habían surgido dificultades importantes para contratar personal. . La mano de obra no es homogenea. Las dificultades para contratar ejecutivos y tecnicos, relacionadas en parte con los esfuerzos de las empresas en modernizar sus equipamientos y su organización, son anteriore a la ola actual de inversiones. Las dificultades para contratar obreros calificados parecen ser por el contrario debidas a tensiones actuales en las capacidades de producción : a las necesidades de mano de obra inducidas por el aumento de la capacidad de producción se agregan otras tensiones en los períodos en que las empresas proceden a ajustar el capital al nivel deseado. Todo ocurre como si las empresas intentaran substituir capital insuficiente por trabajo calificado. En ultimo lugar, las dificultades para contratar mano de obra poco calificada son mínimas desde inicios de los años 80. . Las empresas importantes no se hallan confrontadas al problema de contratar obreros no calificados, las pequenas no tienen ninguna dificultad en contratar ejecutivos. Son las empresas medias las más duramente afectadas ya que tienen problemas para contratar tanto sea ejecutivos como obreros calificados.

Suggested Citation

  • Francis Kramarz & Stefan Lollivier, 1990. "Les difficultés de recrutement s'accentuent à la fin de 1989," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 234(1), pages 3-12.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_234_1_5470
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5470
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5470
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