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Les femmes dans les entreprises individuelles : tradition et autonomie

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  • Michel Cézard

Abstract

[fre] Dans certains types d'entreprises artisanales, comme les boulangeries ou les boucheries, l'épouse est indispensable à la vie de l'entreprise, mais son activité est subordonnée à celle de son mari. Dans d'autres, elle est inactive ou exerce une activité d'appoint, c'est souvent le cas des épouses des artisans du bâtiment. À ces rôles traditionnels s'oppose la place, par définition plus autonome, qu'ont les femmes qui dirigent une entreprise. Notamment dans la coiffure, l'hôtellerie, les métiers paramédicaux ou la pharmacie. Sont également plus autonomes les épouses des membres des professions libérales qui exercent souvent un emploi de cadre ou une profession intermédiaire salariée. . Depuis quinze ans, la part des épouses qui participent à l'entreprise familiale est remarquablement stable, tandis que celles qui travaillent à l'extérieur sont de plus en plus nombreuses. En particulier quand le mari est jeune et vient de s'installer. Le soutien monétaire qu'apporte alors l'épouse peut permettre la survie de l'entreprise et même être une assurance en cas d'échec. [spa] Las mujeres en las empresas individuales : tradition y autonomia - En ciertos tipos de empresas artesanales como las panaderias o las carnicerias, el papel desempenado por la esposa es fundamental para la supervivencia de la empresa, pero su actividad esta subordinada a la del marido. . En otro tipo de empresas, la mujer es inactiva o bien ejerce una actividad de ayuda complementaria. Tal es el caso, con frecuencia, de las esposas de los artesanos de la construcción. A estos papeles tradicionales es preciso oponer el roi más autónomo desempenado por las mujeres que dirigen una empresa, sobre todo en los sectores de peluquería, hotelería, en las ramas paramédicas y en las farmacias. Del mismo modo son más autónomas las esposas de los miembros intégrantes del sector de profesiones libérales quienes ejercen frecuentemente un cargo de ejecutivas o una profesión intermedia asalariada. . Desde hace quince anos el porcentaje de mujeres que participan en las empresas familiares es asombrosamente estable, mientras que el numéro de las que trabajan fuera del âmbito familiar es cada vez mayor; en particular cuando el marido es joven y acaba de instalarse. El sostén monetario que a porta la mujer en este caso puede permitir la supervivencia de la empresa y constituir asimismo un elemento de seguridad en caso de fracaso. [eng] Women in private firms: tradition and independence - In certain types of artisanial firms, such as bakeries or butcher's shops, the wife is indispensable to the functioning of the firm, but her activities are often subordinated to those of her husband. In other types of artisanial firms, the wife is not actively involved or is a source of secondary income, which is often the case for wives of artisans in the building industry. These traditional roles contrast with the more independent position, by self-definition, held by women who manage a firm, notably in hairdressing, hotels, paramedicine or pharmacy. Professional's wives, who are often executives or hold an intermediate salaried position, are also more independent. . Over the last fifteen years, the percentage of wives who take part in the family firm has been noticeably stable, whereas those who work outside the family have become more and more numerous, particularly when the husband is young and has just started his business. The financial support thus provided by the wife can permit the survival of the firm or can even be a guarantee in the case of a failure.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Cézard, 1988. "Les femmes dans les entreprises individuelles : tradition et autonomie," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 209(1), pages 33-38.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1988_num_209_1_5195
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1988.5195
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1988.5195
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