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Les dépenses publiques d'éducation : les effets redistributifs n'éliminent pas toutes les inégalités

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  • Bernard Mendes France

Abstract

[eng] Public expenditures for education. The effects of redistribution do not eliminate all inequality . . Public expenditures for education up until the first cycle of the second degree, that is, up until the student's 14th or 15th year, maintain an egalitarian redistribution. Beyond that, this is not the case. The prolongation of studies beyond age 1 6 brings about a differentiation whose effects are felt in the second cycle and are decisive in higher education. To this must be added, in the second cycle, the effect of selection for different career paths. The principal beneficiaries of this redistribution inequality are the children of higher-level cadres and, to a lesser extent, middle-level cadres and the non-agricultural self-employed. . The reallocation of educational expenditures, to a certain extent, compensates for the inequality of household incomes. On the whole and for each cycle, the public educational system is less unequally distributed among socio-professional categories than are household revenues. The only exception is expenditures allotted to higher education. [spa] Los gastos pûblicos de educación. Los efectos redistributivos no eliminan todas las desigualdades . . Hasta el primer ciclo del segundo nivel, o sea hasta los 14 ó 15 años aproximadamente, los gastos públicos en lo que a educación respecta, permiten una redistribución igualitaria. Más allá de ese nivel, la situación es diferente. La prolongación de los estudios luego de cumplidos los 16 años, trae aparejada una diferenciación cuyos efectos son notables en el segundo ciclo y decisivos en el nivel superior. A esto se anade en el segundo ciclo el efecto selectivo generado por las diferentes secciones del bachillerato. Los niños de ejecutivos superiores y en una minima proporción los de ejecutivos medios y de trabajadores independientes no agricolas son los principales beneficiarios de esta desigualdad de redistribución. . La reasignación de gastos de educación compensa, en una cierta medida, la desigualdad de ingresos de los hogares. El servicio pùblico de educación, en su conjunto y para ciclo de enseñanza, se halla distribuido de manera menos desigual entre las categorias socio- profesionales que los ingresos de los hogares. La única excepción la constituyen los gastos dedicados a la ensenanza superior. [fre] Jusqu'au premier cycle du second degré, c'est-à-dire approximativement jusqu'à 14 ou 15 ans, les dépenses publiques d'enseignement assurent une redistribution égalitaire. Au-delà, ce n'est plus vrai. La prolongation des études au-delà dé 1 6 ans opère-une différenciation dont les effets sont sensibles dans le second cycle, déterminants dans le supérieur. S'y ajoute, dans le second cycle, l'effet sélectif des différentes filières. De cette inégalité de redistribution, les enfants de cadres supérieurs, et, dans une moindre mesure, de cadres moyens et d'indépendants non agricoles sont les principaux bénéficiaires. . La réaffectation des dépenses d'enseignement compense, dans une certaine mesure, l'inégalité des revenus des ménages. Dans son ensemble, et pour chaque cycle, le service public d'enseignement est moins inégalement distribué entre catégories socioprofessionnelles que les revenus des ménages; seule exception, les dépenses consacrées à l'enseignement supérieur.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Mendes France, 1987. "Les dépenses publiques d'éducation : les effets redistributifs n'éliminent pas toutes les inégalités," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 203(1), pages 37-48.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1987_num_203_1_5127
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1987.5127
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1987.5127
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    Cited by:

    1. Cécile Bonneau & Sébastien Grobon, 2022. "Unequal access to higher education based on parental income: evidence from France ," World Inequality Lab Working Papers halshs-03693195, HAL.

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