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Emploi et chômage en mars 1985

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  • Jean-Luc Heller

Abstract

[fre] Selon les conventions du Bureau international du Travail, le nombre des chômeurs s'élevait à 2429 000 en mars 1985. Les difficultés rencontrées par les jeunes pour s'insérer sur le marché du travail, ou, par les plus âgés, pour retrouver un emploi, restent très grandes. Mais c'est un noyau plus central de la force de travail, plus qualifié et plus ouvrier, qui est maintenant de plus en plus touché : celui des adultes de 25 à 49 ans, hommes ou femmes. Nombre de chômeurs sont amenés à s'adapter à ce contexte : ils sont prêts à accepter un emploi moins qualifié, ou encore un emploi à temps partiel. Les formes d'emploi offertes évoluent rapidement, brouillant parfois les frontières établies entre emploi, chômage, inactivité. Si le temps partiel s'adresse surtout aux femmes, les contrats à durée déterminée se diffusent chez les hommes, notamment chez les ouvriers. D'autres formes particulières d'emplois, plutôt destinées aux jeunes, sont en vive augmentation. Ce sont des stages rémunérés, au premier rang desquels on trouve les travaux d'utilité collective (les « TUC »). [spa] Empleo y desempleo en marzo de 1985 - Según convenio de la OIT (Oficina internadonal del trabajo), el número de desempleados ascendía a 2 429 000 en marzo de 1985. Los problemas que se plantean para los trabajadores juveniles para intergrarse en el mercado laboral, o para los mayores para encontrar un nuevo empleo permanecen sumamente agudos. Mas, es ahora un núcleo más central de la fuerza laboral, más cualificada y más obrera, el que esta de día en día más afettado : el de los adultos de 25 a 49 años de edad, bien sea varones o mujeres. Muchos desempleados se ven obligados a adaptarse a este contexto : estan dispuestos a ocupar un puesto de trabajo de menor cualificación, o también un empleo de media jornada. Las formas de empleo propuestas evolucionan con rapidez, trastornan a veces los limites establecidos entre empleo, desempleo, inactividad. Si la media jornada esta destinada mayormente a las mujeres, las contratas de determinada duración se van extendiendo entre varones, en especial entre obreros. Otras formas peculiares de empleos, más pronto destinados a trabajadores juveniles, se van incrementando rotundamente. Se trata de cursillos retribuidos, entre los cuales destaca, en primer lugar, los trabajos de utilidad colectiva (los « TUC »). [eng] Employment and unemployment in March, 1985 - According to the International Labor Organisation, in March, 1985, the number of unemployed workers reached 2,429,000. The difficulties met by young people trying to find first jobs or by older ones trying to find a new job remained very great. But it was a more central core of the work force, more skilled and more working-class, that was more and more affected : adult men and women from 25 to 49 years of age. Numerous unemployed workers were led to adapt themselves to this situation. They were ready to accept jobs for which they were over-qualified or even part-time work. The forms of employment offered evolved rapidly, sometimes blurring the differences established between employment, unemployment and Inactivity. If part-time work was aimed above all at women, contracts for a limited period of time spread among men, notably among laborers. Other special forms of employment, intended rather for young people, were increasing rapidly. These were paid training programs of which the « TUC » (Works Useful to the Community) were in the forefront.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Luc Heller, 1985. "Emploi et chômage en mars 1985," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 183(1), pages 21-35.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1985_num_183_1_5037
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1985.5037
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1985.5037
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