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La parité franc-deutsche mark depuis l'automne 1976

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  • Erik-Gérard Buis

Abstract

[spa] La paridad franco francés-marco alemán desde el otono de 1976 - Desde el otono de 1976 hasta la primavera de 1980, la relación entre precios franceses y precios alemanes se fué deteriorando en un 24 %, mientras que el marco alemán no se fué apreciando, con relación al franco, más que en un 12 %. El mercado de los cambios no llegó pues a operar la traducción integral de la modificación acaecida en el poder adquisitivo de las monedas francesa y alemana. Pueden darse a ello tres explicaciones. En primer lugar, los precios a la exportación aumentaron en Francia mas despacio que los precios al por menor durante dicho periodo, lo cual permitió, sin afectar demesuradamente la competitividad de las exportaciones el que se mantuviera firme el franco. A continuación, las balanzas corrientes dieron la vuelta : especialmente la balanza de las transacciones corrientes de Alemania federal, la cual se averiguó deficitaria : reanudación de la inflación y deterioro de los terminos del intercambio inclinaron menos hacia la divisa alemana, el « círculo virtuoso » (apreciación del marco → menor inflación → apreciación del marco, etc.) verificándose quebrado. Finalmente, el franco se mantuvo gracias a una política de dinero mas caro : después de fines de 1978, en efecto, el alza de los tipos de interés en Francia superó el deterioro monetario. [eng] Franc-deutsche mark Parity since Autumn of 1976 - From Autumn of 1976 through Spring of 1980, French prices deteriorated by 24 % with regard to German prices, while the appreciation of the Deutsche Mark compared to the Franc was only 12 %. Thus, the exchange market was far from reflecting the real change in the buying power of French and German currencies. Three explanations for this phenomenon are given in this article. First, export prices in France increased less rapidly than retail prices during the period. Thus, since the competitiveness of exports was not too seriously affected, the Franc remained fairly strong. Next, there was a reversal of the respective current balance in the two countries. In particular, the balance of current transactions of Federal Germany showed a deficit. This resulted in renewed inflation and in a deterioration of trading terms. Consequently, operators were less attracted to the Deutsche Mark, as the so-called «virtuous circle» (appreciation of the Mark → vlow inflation → appreciation of the Mark, etc.) was broken. Finally, the Franc was also supported by a policy of more expensive money; since the end of 1978, the rise in interest rates in France has been higher than the rate of monetary deterioration. [fre] De l'automne 1976 au printemps 1980, le rapport des prix français aux prix allemands s'est dégradé de 24 %, alors que le deutsche mark ne s'est apprécié par rapport au franc que de 12%. Le marché des changes est donc loin d'avoir opéré la traduction intégrale de la modification du pouvoir d'achat des monnaies française et allemande. Trois explications sont apportées. En premier lieu, les prix à l'exportation ont, en France, augmenté moins vite que les prix de détail sur la période : ceci a permis, en ne pénalisant pas outre mesure la compétitivité des exportations, une assez bonne tenue du franc. Ensuite, les balances courantes se sont retournées : en particulier, la balance des transactions courantes de l'Allemagne fédérale est devenue déficitaire : reprise de l'inflation et détérioration des termes de l'échange ont moins bien disposé les opérateurs à l'égard de la devise allemande, le « cercle vertueux » (appréciation du mark → moindre inflation → appréciation du mark, etc.) se trouvant rompu. Enfin, le franc a également été soutenu grâce à une politique d'argent plus cher : depuis la fin de 1978 en effet, la hausse des taux d'intérêt en France est allée au-delà de la détérioration monétaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Erik-Gérard Buis, 1980. "La parité franc-deutsche mark depuis l'automne 1976," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 126(1), pages 25-31.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1980_num_126_1_4403
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1980.4403
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1980.4403
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