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Les revenus fiscaux des agriculteurs en 1975

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  • Monique Gombert

Abstract

[fre] En 1975, près de 5 millions de personnes vivent ou travaillent sur une exploitation agricole. On les regroupe ici en ménages pour étudier l'ensemble de leurs revenus tels qu'ils sont connus du fisc, qu'ils soient véritablement agricoles ou non (salaires, retraits, etc.). On constate tout d'abord que le revenu tiré de l'exploitation est non seulement faible en moyenne, mais aussi très inégalement réparti. Il est plus élevé pour les exploitations qui produisent surtout des céréales, betteraves sucrières, etc., que pour les autres (surtout quand il s'agit d'élevage). De plus, un quart des ménages étudiés ont un revenu agricole nul. Un certain nombre d'entre eux vivent donc d'autre chose : en particulier les « petits » agriculteurs perçoivent souvent des traitements et salaires et des retraites. On peut essayer ensuite de dégager des groupes : exploitations « de retraite », souvent petites, où le revenu global est très composite; exploitations où le chef exerce une activité extérieure, même secondaire, pour compléter le revenu agricole. Enfin, il reste les plus nombreux qui tirent leurs ressources surtout de leur exploitation, bien que certains membres de lafamille aient d'autres revenus. On trouve ces derniers parmi les moyens ou gros agriculteurs; leurs revenus restent, bien sûr, très liés à la taille de leur exploitation. [eng] In 1975, nearly 5 million people were living or working on a farm. In this article, this farm population has been divided into households in order to study their overall income (based on the records of the internal revenue service), whether it is specifically agricultural or not (salaries, retirement benefits, etc.). The first thing that becomes clear is that the income derived directly from the farm is, on the average, low, and that it is very unevenly distributed. It is higher for those farms which produce mostly grains or sugar beets than for others (especially, those in livestock raising). Moreover, a fourth of the households studied had no agricultural income at all. A certain number of them make their living from another source, especially «small» farmers, who often receive salaries, wages, ot retirement benefits. Several groups can then be described : « retirement » farms, often small, whose overall income is highly composite, and farms where the head of the household has outside employment which, even if it is only secondary, supplements the income from agriculture. Lastly, there is the most numerous category, those who derive their income primarily from their farm, although some family members may have other income. Among these latter are chiefly medium and large farms, whose income, naturally, is generally in proportion to the size of their farms. [spa] En 1975 cerca de 5 millones de personas vivian o trabajaban en una explotación agricola. Se les regrupa aquí en familias para estudiar el conjunto de sus ingresos tal cual son conocidos por el fisco, bien sean verdaderamente agricolas o no (asalariados, jubilados, etc.). Se constata primero, que el ingreso proveniente de la explotación es no solamente en promedio debil, sino tambien, desigualmente repartido. Es más elevado para las explotaciones que producen a céréales, remolachas azucareras, etc., que para los otros (ante todo cuando se trata de la ganaderia). De mas, una cuarta parte de las familias estudiadas tienen un ingreso agrícola nulo. Algunos, por consiguiente, viven de otra cosa : en particular los « pequenos » agricultores que reciben sueldos, salarios y jubilaciones. Se puede en seguida tratar de diferenciar los grupos : explotación « de jubilación », frecuentemente pequeñas, donde el ingreso global es muy « compuesto »; explotaciones dónde el jefe ejerce una actividad exterior, incluso secundaria, para completar el ingreso agrícola. En fin quedan los mas numerosos, cuyos ingresos provienen de su propia explotación, no obstante que algunos miembros de la familia tengan otros ingresos. Estos ultimos se encuentran entre los medianos y grandes agricultores; su ingreso permanece, seguramente muy ligado a la talla de su explotación.

Suggested Citation

  • Monique Gombert, 1980. "Les revenus fiscaux des agriculteurs en 1975," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 124(1), pages 29-38.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1980_num_124_1_4379
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1980.4379
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1980.4379
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