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Le financement des sociétés industrielles et commerciales au cours des dix dernières années

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  • Paul Dubois

Abstract

[fre] Le taux d'autofinancement diminue entre 1968 et 1976, en dépit même du fléchissement de l'investissement observé à partir de 1974. Cette évolution résulte d'une transformation progressive du partage de la valeur ajoutée. L'accroissement de la part salariale, ou plus exactement des cotisations sociales, qui avait été compensé de 1967 à 1970 par un allégement des prélèvements fiscaux, se fait par la suite au détriment des profits. De plus, la part des charges d'intérêt double presque entre 1967 et 1976 (de 4 % à 7,5 % de la valeur ajoutée). En effet la réduction de l'autofinancement a pour contrepartie un recours accru aux institutions de crédit. Les emprunts des entreprises passent de 4 milliards en 1968 à 27 milliards en 1975; paradoxalement, ils diminuent par rapport au capital brut. En effet l'inflation allège la dette des entreprises par dévalorisation des passifs alors que leur capital est évalué au coût de remplacement et non au coût historique. Ce mode de financement inflationniste maintient la solvabilité des entreprises malgré la médiocrité de leurs profits. [eng] The Financing of Industrial and Commercial Companies during the Last Ten Years - The rate of company internal financing diminished between 1968 and 1976, in spite of the upward growth of investment marked since 1974. This evolution is the result of a progressive transformation of the factor shares. The growth of the salary portion, or more specifically, the social security contributions, which were compensated for from 1967 to 1970 by a reduction of tax withholdings, was done afterwards to the detriment of profits : more, the portion representing the interest charges almost doubled from 1967 to 1976 (from 4% to 7.5 % of the added value). The reduction of internal financing has resulted in a larger recourse to credit lending institutions. Business loans passed 4 billion F in 1968, and had reached 27 billion F in 1975. Paradoxically, the borrowings have actually diminished in relation to the gross capital. In effect, inflation lightens the debt of companies by devaluing the liabilities when their capital is evaluated at the cost of replacement and not at its actual cost when it was bought : This inflationist means maintains the solvability of companies, in spite of the rather average earnings of those same companies. [spa] Financiamiento de las empresas industriales y comerciales en el transcurso del pasado decenio - La tasa de autofinanciamiento merma entre 1968 y 1976 a pesar del descenso de la inversion registrada a partir de 1974. Esta evolución es el resultado de una transformación progresiva de la repartición del valor anadido. El incremento de la cuota salarial, o con mayor precision de las cuotas de Seguridad social que habla sido compensado entre 1967 y 1970 por un alivio de la presión fiscal se lleva a cabo en lo sucesivo en perjuicio de los beneficios. A mas, la porción de las cargas de interés duplica, poco mas o menos, entre 1967 y 1976 (de un 4 % a un 7,5 % del valor anadido). En efecto, la merma del autofinanciamiento tiene por compensaciôn el acudir de manera acrecentada a las organizaciones crediticias. Los empréstitos empresariales pasan de 4 mil millones en 1968 a 27 mil millones en 1975; de modo paradógico decrecen con relaciôn al capital bruto. En efecto, la inflación alivia las deudas empresariales mediante devalorización de los pasivos mientras que su capital se valoriza a coste de repuesto y no a coste historico. Este modo de financiamiento inflacionista mantiene la solvabilidad empresarial a pesar de lo mediocre que resultan sus beneficios.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Dubois, 1978. "Le financement des sociétés industrielles et commerciales au cours des dix dernières années," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 99(1), pages 3-14.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1978_num_99_1_3066
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1978.3066
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1978.3066
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