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Rôle du dollar et hégémonie financière des États-Unis

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  • Michel Aglietta

Abstract

[fre] A La fin du système institué à Bretton Woods et la généralisation des changes flottants ont beaucoup modifié les conditions qui président aux règlements internationaux. Mais la nécessité d'une monnaie internationale, loin de disparaître, s'en est trouvée renforcée. Ainsi les marchés monétaires et financiers du monde entier se trouvent-ils continuellement affectés par la stratégie des entreprises industrielles et financières américaines et par les décisions du Gouvernement des États-Unis. Les taux de change sont donc au cœur des conflits qui à court terme influencent la formation et la répartition du revenu mondial, et qui à long terme ont pour enjeu l'établissement des positions dominantes dans la division internationale du travail. Le résultat de ces fluctuations n'est pas neutre; les États-Unis à travers une dévaluation compétitive du dollar s'efforcent de faciliter la reconversion de son économie, provoquée par les changements du mode de croissance. [eng] The role of the dollar and the financial hegemony of the United States - The end of the system set up at Bretton Woods and the generalisation of floating exchanges have greatly modified the conditions under which international payments are made. But the need for an international money has not disappeared ; in fact, it has even increased. Thus monetary markets and financiers of the entire world find themselves continually affected by the strategy of industrial entreprises, American financiers and by decisions of the American government. The rates of exchange are at the heart of the conflicts which on a short term basis influence the formation and the division of world revenues, and which on a long term basis have at stake the establishment of dominant positions in the international division of work. The results of these fluctuations are not neutral : the United States, by competetive devaluation of the dollar, is trying to help along the reconversion of its economy. This reconversion has been provoked by changes in the very modes of growth. [spa] Papel desempenado por el dólar y hegemonia financiera de los Estados Unidos - El fin del sistema instaurado en Bretton Woods y la extension de los cam bios flotantes han modificado sumamente las condiciones que rigen los reglamentos internacionales. Mas la exigencia de una moneda internacional, en lugar de desvanecerse, se vió reforzada. Así pues, los mercados monetarios y financieros del mundo entero se ven contínuamente afectados por la estrategia de las empresas industriales y financieras americanas y por las decisiones del Gobierno estadounidense. Los tipos de cambio se hallan pues en la yema de los conflictos, los que a corto plazo influyen sobre la formation y la distribución de la renta mundial y que a largo plazo tienen por postura establecer posiciones imperantes en la distribution internacional del trabajo. El resultado de estas fluctuaciones no es neutral : los Estados Unidos, a través de una devaluación competidora del dólar, intenta facilitar la reconversion de su economía que los cam bios intervenidos en las modalidades de su crecimiento acarrea.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Aglietta, 1978. "Rôle du dollar et hégémonie financière des États-Unis," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 97(1), pages 93-102.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1978_num_97_1_3090
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1978.3090
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1978.3090
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