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La place des entreprises publiques dans l'économie française

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  • Jacques Rivier

Abstract

[fre] Les entreprises publiques emploient 13 % de la population occupée par les entreprises non agricoles, assurent 12 % de la population non agricole et à elles seules font le tiers des investissements réalisés dans l'industrie, les commerces et les services.. Leur activité s'exerce — pour les plus grandes d'entre elles — dans des secteurs stratégiques pour l'économie du pays : la production d'énergie et les transports et télécommunications. . Les secteurs où elles tiennent une place importante sont très particuliers, notamment par leur forte intensité capital istique. Leur rôle de service public les conduit à des choix économiques différents de ceux que feraient des entreprises privées exerçant les mêmes activités. Elles se trouvent parfois dans l'obligation d'exploiter des activités non rentables — comme certaines ligne des chemin de fer — , d'accorder des tarifs inférieurs aux prix de revient ou d'appliquer une politique sociale particulière. . Ainsi, les entreprises publiques retiennent une part importante de l'épargne nationale, à la fois parce que les caractéristiques particulières de leurs activités les y conduisent et parce que leur rôle de service public leur impose certaines sujétions. . Les entreprises publiques qui, telle la Régie Renault, se trouvent dans les secteurs concurrentiels sont au contraire très analogues aux firmes privées concurrentes. . En définitive, il est difficile de distinguer dans les comportements des grandes entreprises publiques ce qui tient aux activités qu'elles exercent, ce qui tient à leurs qualités de service public, ou encore ce qui tient au rôle que veut leur faire jouer l'État comme instrument de politique économique et sociale. [eng] Public enterprises employ 13% of the population employed in non-agricultural enterprises, are responsible for 12% of non-agricultural production and themselves alone effect one third of the investments made in industry, commerce and services. . The largest of them are active in the strategic sectors of the national economy — the production of fuel and power, transport and telecommunications. . The sectors in which they hold an important place are very special particularly in being highly capital-intensive. Their public service role leads them to make economic choices different from those which would be made by private enterprises carrying on the same activities. They sometimes find themselves in the obligation of conducting uneconomic activities — such as certain railway lines — of charging rates below costs, or of following a particular social policy. . Thus, the public enterprises absorb a substantial part of national savings, both because the special characteristics of their activities induce them to do so and because theirpublic service role subjects them to certain constraints. . Public enterprises which, like the Régie Renault, operate in competitive sectors, are, on the contrary, very like the competing private firms. . In the last analysis, it is difficult to distinguish in the behaviour of the big public enterprises between what arises out of their activities, what arises out of their public service character, or again, what arises out of the role which the State wishes to make them play as an instrument of economic and general social policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacques Rivier, 1969. "La place des entreprises publiques dans l'économie française," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 6(1), pages 33-44.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1969_num_6_1_1889
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1969.1889
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1969.1889
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