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Analyse coût-bénéfice du contrôle de la pollution : nécessité, méthodologie et exemples

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  • Ari Rabl

Abstract

[fre] Cet article souligne la nécessité croissante d ’ effectuer des analyses coût-bénéfice (ACB ) concernant la réduction de la pollution . Seule l ’ ACB peut fournir des indications pour une allocation rationnelle des dépenses de dépollution , compte tenu de la prolifération de petits risques qui parfois attirent l ’ attention excessive des medias . La méthodologie est passée en revue , y compris l ’ analyse des incertitudes et le rôle des considérations non monétaires . Les incertitudes ne devraient pas être considérées en tant que telles , mais en évaluant le surcoût résultant d ’ un mauvais choix politique suite à une erreur dans l ’ estimation des coûts ou des bénéfices . Il apparaît que pour de nombreuses décisions , les conclusions des ACB peuvent être remarquablement robustes , et cela , malgré de très grandes incertitudes . L ’ article est illustré d ’ exemples instructifs . Mots-clés : incertitude , fonctions dose-réponse , pénalité de coût , impact pathway analysis , plafond national d ’ émission , [eng] This paper highlights the growing need for cost-benefit analysis (CBA ) of pollution control . Only CBA can provide guidelines for rational allocation of expenditure on depollution , especially in view of the proliferation of small risks that sometimes attract disproportionate attention from the media . The methodology is reviewed , including the analysis of uncertainty and the role of non-monetary considerations . These uncertainties should not be looked at in isolation but by asking how large would be the cost of making a wrong policy choice due to an error in the estimation of costs or benefits . For many policy decisions the conclusions of a CBA turn out to be remarkably robust , despite very large uncertainties . The paper is illustrated with instructive examples .

Suggested Citation

  • Ari Rabl, 2005. "Analyse coût-bénéfice du contrôle de la pollution : nécessité, méthodologie et exemples," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 167(1), pages 1-12.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2005_num_167_1_7395
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2005.7395
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2005.7395
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