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La sensibilité de l'emploi au coût du travail. Une exploration à partir de données de panel

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  • François Legendre
  • Patricia Le Maitre

Abstract

[fre] Dans cette étude, nous présentons de nouvelles évaluations de la sensibilité de la demande de travail à son coût, obtenues à partir d''un échantillon de près de 800 entreprises industrielles françaises suivies de 1980 à 1987. Nous développons un modèle de concurrence imparfaite qui permet de mieux identifier les effets favorables d''une baisse du coût du travail sur l''emploi. Deux canaux principaux doivent en effet être distingués. Le premier relève d''un effet de substitution : une baisse du coût du travail conduirait à un ralentissement du rythme de la substitution du capital au travail. Le second a trait à un effet de compétitivité car la baisse du coût du travail est l''un des moyens de réduire les coûts unitaires de production et d''améliorer ainsi la compétitivité des entreprises. Notre expérimentation économétrique a pour objet de mieux quantifier l''importance relative de ces deux effets. D''une part, nous montrons que le capital et le travail seraient des facteurs de production assez peu substituables au sein des entreprises. Une baisse de 1 % du coût du travail pourrait, par ce canal, accroître l''emploi en moyenne de 0,10 %. D''autre part, nous trouvons que l''effet prédominant serait l''effet de compétitivité. Une baisse de 1 % du coût du travail pourrait, par ce canal, accroître l''emploi en moyenne de 0,70 %. Ce dernier effet, cependant, n''est pas assuré ; il pourrait en partie relever d''un «sophisme de composition ». [eng] Sensitivity of Employment to Labour cost. A Study Based on Panel Data. . In this study, we present new evaluations of the sensitivity of labour demand to cost, based on a sample of nearly 800 French industrial firms tracked from 1980 to 1987. We explore a model of imperfect competition aimed at facilitating determination of the favourable impact of lower labour costs on employment. This is mainly achieved in two ways. The first is connected with substitution : a decrease in labour cost slows down the rate of capital/ labour substitution. The second is connected with competitiveness because a decrease in labour costs is one way to lower unit production costs and so to improve competitiveness. The purpose of our econometrics experiment is to quantify the magnitude of these two effects. On the one hand, we show that capital and labour are two production factors that may be hard to substitute inside firms. This way, a 1% decrease in labour cost can boost employment on average by 0,1%. On the other hand, we find that the predominant effect would be on competitiveness. This way, a 1% decrease in labour cost can increase employment on average by 0,7%. However, this last effect is not certain and may be connected partly with a “ composition bias”.

Suggested Citation

  • François Legendre & Patricia Le Maitre, 2001. "La sensibilité de l'emploi au coût du travail. Une exploration à partir de données de panel," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 150(4), pages 1-11.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2001_num_150_4_6345
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2001.6345
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2001.6345
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Auerbach, Alan J, 1983. "Taxation, Corporate Financial Policy and the Cost of Capital," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 21(3), pages 905-940, September.
    2. Brigitte Dormont, 1997. "L'influence du coût salarial sur la demande de travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 301(1), pages 95-109.
    3. Patrick Sevestre & Brigitte Dormont, 1986. "Modèles dynamiques de demande de travail : spécification et estimation sur données de panel," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 37(3), pages 455-488.
    4. Patrick Artus & Claude Bismut, 1980. "Substitution et coût des facteurs : un lien existe-t-il ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 127(1), pages 101-114.
    5. repec:adr:anecst:y:1996:i:41-42:p:04 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. repec:adr:anecst:y:1999:i:55-56:p:03 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. François Legendre & Patricia Le Maitre, 1997. "Le lien emploi-coût relatif des facteurs de production : quelques résultats obtenus à partir de données de panel," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 301(1), pages 111-127.
    8. Daniel S. Hamermesh, 1993. "Labor Demand and the Source of Adjustment Costs," NBER Working Papers 4394, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    1. Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L'Horty, 2011. "Les effets des aides publiques aux Hôtels Cafés Restaurants et leurs interactions," Working Papers halshs-00658460, HAL.
    2. François Legendre, 1999. "Qu'a-t-on appris sur le lien salaire/ emploi grâce à l'économétrie ?," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 34(1), pages 221-255.
    3. Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L'Horty, 2011. "Les effets des aides publiques aux Hôtels Cafés Restaurants et leurs interactions : Une évaluation sur micro-données d'entreprises," Working Papers halshs-00744905, HAL.

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