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Pénurie de devises et crise de l'agriculture commerciale en Afrique subsaharienne

Author

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  • Jean-Claude Berthélemy
  • Christian Morrisson

Abstract

[spa] Penuria de divisas y crisis de la agriculture comercial en Africa subsahariana, . por Jean-Claude Berthélemy y Christian Morrisson.. . En este artículo se presenta un análisis macroeconómico simple que permite explicar la aparición de una penuria de divisas en países africanos de especialización agrícola, mantenida por los propios países. Un racionamiento inicial de divisas, provocado con frecuencia por errores de política económica, créa una penuria de bienes manufacturados en las zonas rurales. A raíz de ello, los campesinos no se yen estimulados a producir para el mercado, lo cual provoca una disminuciôn de los ingresos en divisas y, por ende, una agravación de la crisis de la balanza de pagos. Por último, el présente artfculo propone una aplicación numérica para una muestra formada por unos diez paíees africanos. [ger] Devisenmangel und Krise der kommerziellen Land wirtschaft in den afrikanischen Ländern südlich der Sahara, . von Jean-Claude Berthélemy, Christian Morrisson.. . In diesem Artikel wird eine einfache makroökonomische Analyse yorgestellt, mit der das Auftreten eines selbst aufrechterhaltenen Devisenmangels in afrikanischen Ländern mit landwirtschaftlicher Spezialisierung erklärt werden kann. Eine anfängliche Devisenrationierung, die oftmals durch Fehler in der Wirtschaftspolitik bedingt ist, bewirkt einen Mangel an Fertigprodukten in den ländlichen Gebieten. In der Folge haben die Bauem keinen Anreiz mehr, für den Markt zu produzieren, was eine Verringerung der Deviseneinnahmen und somit eine Zunahme des Ungleichgewichts der Zahlungsbilanz zur Folge hat. In diesem Artikel wird eine numerische Anwendung für eine Stichprobe von zehn afrikanischen Ländern vorgeschlagen. [fre] Pénurie de devises et crise de l'agriculture commerciale en Afrique subsaharienne, . par Jean-Claude Berthélemy, Christian Morrisson.. . Cet article présente une analyse macro-économique simple qui permet d'expliquer l'apparition d'une pénurie auto-entretenue de devises dans des pays africains à spécialisations agricole. Un rationnement initial de devises, provoqué souvent par des erreurs de pojitique économique, crée une pénurie de biens manufacturés en zone rurale. Par suite, les paysans ne sont plus incités à produire pour le marché, ce qui provoque une diminution des recettes en devises et donc une aggravation de la crise de balance de paiements. Une application numérique est proposée dans l'article pour un échantillon d'une dizaine de pays africains. [eng] The Foreign Exchange Shortage and Commercial Agriculture Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa, . by Jean-Claude Berthélemy, Christian Morrisson.. . This article provides a simple macroeconomic analysis offering an explanation for the self-maintained foreign exchange shortage in African countries whose mainstay is agriculture. The initial rationing of foreign exchange, which is often induced by errors in economic policy, causes a shortage of manufactured goods in rural areas. Under these circumstances, farmers no longer have any impetus to produce marketable goods, the result of which is a drop in foreign exchange receipts and an even more serious crisis in the balance of payments. A numerical illustration is provided in the article for a sample of about ten African countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Claude Berthélemy & Christian Morrisson, 1991. "Pénurie de devises et crise de l'agriculture commerciale en Afrique subsaharienne," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 97(1), pages 117-126.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1991_num_97_1_5216
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1991.5216
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1991.5216
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