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Réduction du temps de travail : une typologie du comportement des entreprises

Author

Listed:
  • Michel Pépin
  • Jean-Claude Sardas
  • Dominique Tonneau

Abstract

[eng] Reduction of work time : a categorization of businesses . and how they are dealing with it, . by Michel Pépin, Jean-Claude Sardas, Dominique Tonneau. . The article gives the highlights of a research study carried out in 1981 (before the legislation creating a 39-hour work week and a fifth week of vacation) on how businesses are handling the reduction of hours worked. Twenty firms were studied, a group with widely varied characteristics, care was taken to note especially the problems particular to these differences. . The study suggests a classification of five types of business, in terms of their behavior. This grouping is based upon the greater or lesser ability to maneuver, taking into account the possibility of internal reorganization and the situation of the business externally, in the market. It includes the following items, giving the main characteristics of the problem: . Growth: the reduction of work hours is used as a base of operations, but it assumes an expanding market which thus allows the length of time equipment is used to be increased. . Reorganization: the firm employs a rationalization of its organization which permits it to maintain production while limiting or putting a freeze on hiring. . Productivity: in an organization which remains unchanged structurally, the reduction of work time is compensated, as far as possible, by using existing productivity reserves. . Hiring : for reasons peculiar to each business, the creation of employment is more or less proportional to the reduction of work hours. This means higher sales prices due to additional costs. . Repercussion: a situation identical to the preceding one, but here one runs up against financial obstacles; there are two possible solutions: no hiring and thus limiting production, or hiring continues but with a backlash effect on market prices and the risk that segments of the market will be lost. . The study also accents the difficulties connected with the new forms of organization in the working world. [fre] Réduction du temps de travail : une typologie du comportement des entreprises, . par Michel Pépin, Jean-Claude Sardas, Dominique Tonneau. . L'article présente les résultats essentiels d'une recherche menée au cours de l'année 1981 (avant les ordonnances relatives aux 39 heures et à la 5e semaine de congé) sur le comportement des entreprises face à la diminution de la durée du travail. Une vingtaine d'entre elles, de caractéristiques très diverses, ont été étudiées, en notant plus particulièrement les problèmes rencontrés dans leurs diversités. . L'étude propose une classification des comportements des entreprises en cinq types. Ce regroupement repose sur la plus ou moins grande marge, de manœuvre tenant aux possibilités internes de réorganisation et à la situation externe de l'entreprise sur le marché. Il comprend les rubriques suivantes, indiquant la caractéristique principale des problèmes : . développement: la réduction de la durée du travail est utilisée comme point d'appui, mais suppose un marché en expansion permettant une augmentation de la durée d'utilisation des équipements, . réorganisation: l'entreprise s'adapte par une rationalisation de son organisation lui permettant de maintenir sa production tout en limitant l'embauche, . productivité : la réduction du temps de travail est, dans la mesure du possible, compensée, à organisation inchangée, par une mobilisation des réserves de productivité existantes. . embauche: pour des raisons particulières à l'entreprise, la création d'emplois est pratiquement proportionnelle à la réduction du temps de travail. Cette situation se traduit sur les prix de vente par une augmentation due aux surcoûts. . répercussion: situation identique à la précédente mais on se heurte ici à des obstacles financiers, d'où deux types de solutions possibles : refus d'embauché et donc limitation de la production, ou embauche avec contrecoup sur les prix de vente et risque de perte de parts de marché. . Par ailleurs, l'étude met l'accent sur les difficultés liées aux nouvelles formes d'organisation du travail.

Suggested Citation

  • Michel Pépin & Jean-Claude Sardas & Dominique Tonneau, 1982. "Réduction du temps de travail : une typologie du comportement des entreprises," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 55(4), pages 29-55.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1982_num_55_4_3203
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1982.3203
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1982.3203
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