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Liberté du commerce, individualisme et Etat. Les conceptions des négociants français au XVIIIe siècle

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  • Jean Tarrade

Abstract

[fre] Les négociants-armateurs français du XVIIIe siècle sont de farouches partisans d'une liberté du commerce proche de celle qui est défendue par Adam Smith. Toutefois cette liberté générale n'est prônée qu'en termes d'intérêts individuels, les négociants dénoncent en effet tous les manquements à l'exclusif colonial « intégral » et excluent du jeu de la liberté tous les étrangers. Ils revendiquent aussi primes et encouragements financiers de la part du Roi. Cette contradiction se retrouve sous la Révolution française, quand les armateurs, derrière un libéralisme de façade parviennent à obtenir le maintien de l'esclavage et de la traite. [eng] The french merchants are, in the XVIIIe century, supporters of free trade in a way which is very close of the ideas of Adam Smith. But this general freedom is defended only in individuals terms. The merchant are opposed to the shortcoming to the colonial monopoly and leave out the play of freedom withs foreigners. They demand also bonus and encouragements from the king. This contradiction is also found during the Revolution, when the merchants behind general idea of freedom, succeed in keeping slavery and slave-trade.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Tarrade, 1996. "Liberté du commerce, individualisme et Etat. Les conceptions des négociants français au XVIIIe siècle," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 27(1), pages 175-191.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1996_num_27_1_1202
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1996.1202
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1996.1202
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