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La Théorie Générale : de l'Economie Conventionnelle à l'Economie des Conventions

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  • Olivier Favereau

Abstract

[fre] L'hypothèse d'une dualité de projets de recherche dans la Théorie générale peut réveiller l'intérêt pour deux concepts keynésiens, tombés dans l'oubli : « l'orthodoxie » (c'est-à-dire l'Economie Conventionnelle), la « convention ». Keynes élabora le 1er concept, lorsqu'il prit conscience (en éditant son Essai sur Malthus) de ce que la cohérence du modèle « classique » excluait la prise en compte d'un chômage involontaire massif. Son projet « pragmatique » consista dès lors à introduire, aux moindres frais, la possibilité de chômage par l'effet de l'incertitude sur les marchés financiers : la détermination du taux d'intérêt (trop élevé) résulte d'une logique de « convention ». . Le projet « radical », auquel Keynes renonça à la mi-1933, impliquait la prise en compte de l'incertitude sur tous les marchés. Dans la mesure où règles, conventions et institutions constituent des adaptations rationnelles à l'incertain non probabilisable, l'avenir du keynésianisme réside sans doute dans la construction d'une Economie des Conventions, et la forme présente de « l'Economie Conventionnelle », dans le silence analytique sur les mécanismes de coordination autres que les prix (ou rationnements) de marché. [eng] Our previous hypothesis about a duality of research projects in the General Theory is shown to put to the fore two theoretical notions, usually neglected when reading the G.T. : "Orthodoxy" (conventional Economics) and "Convention" . Keynes built the notion of "Conventional Economics" when he became aware of its inability to deal consistently with involuntary unemployment ; his "pragmatic" project then consisted in making unemployment logically possible inside "Conventional economics" by introducing strong uncertainty in the financial markets : although too high, the level of the interest rate results quite rationally from a "convention". Keynes' "radical" project, which he renounced in 1933, would have been to extend the behavioural consequences of such an uncertainty to goods and labour markets. Rules, institutions and conventions, being rational adaptations to uncertainty we suggest that the future of Keynesian economics depends on the development of the "Economics of Conventions" whereas the present "Conventional economics" may be the whole corpus of economic theories unable to deal with coordinating mechanisms other than market price (or rationing).

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Favereau, 1988. "La Théorie Générale : de l'Economie Conventionnelle à l'Economie des Conventions," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 14(1), pages 197-220.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:caecpo:cep_0154-8344_1988_num_14_1_1069
    DOI: 10.3406/cep.1988.1069
    Note: DOI:10.3406/cep.1988.1069
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin, Catherine, 2003. "Une ambiguïté de la relation entre Keynes et Malthus : Rejet de la loi de Say, monnaie et rapport salarial," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 79(1), pages 117-132, Mars-Juin.
    2. Franck Bessis, 2008. "Quelques convergences remarquables entre l'Économie des Conventions et la Théorie de la Régulation," Revue française de socio-Economie, La découverte, vol. 0(1), pages 9-25.
    3. Christophe Lavialle, 2001. "L'épistémologie de Keynes et "l'hypothèse Wittgenstein" : La cohérence logique de la Théorie Générale de l'emploi, de l'intérêt et de la monnaie," Cahiers d'Économie Politique, Programme National Persée, vol. 38(1), pages 25-64.

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