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The naturally occurring radioactivity of ‘scalar energy’ pendants and concomitant radiation risk

Author

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  • Halmat Jalal Hassan
  • Suhairul Hashim
  • Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi
  • Mohamad Hidayat Jamal
  • Sitti Asmah Hassan
  • David Andrew Bradley
  • Rafael García-Tenorio
  • Rozman Mohd Tahar

Abstract

Forming part of a study of radiological risk arising from use of radioactive consumer products, investigation is made of pendants containing naturally occurring radioactive material. Based on use of gamma-ray spectrometry and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, the study investigates commercially available ‘scalar energy pendants’. The doses from these have been simulated using MIRD5 mathematical phantoms, evaluation being made of dose conversion factors (DCFs) and organ dose. Metallic pendants code MP15 were found to contain the greatest activity, at 7043 ± 471 Bq from 232Th, while glass pendants code GP11 were presented the greatest 238U and 40K activity, at 1001 ± 172 and 687 ± 130 Bq respectively. MP15 pendants offered the greatest percentage concentrations of Th, Ce, U and Zr, with means of 25.6 ± 0.06, 5.6 ± 0.005, 1.03 ± 0.04 and 28.5 ± 0.08 respectively, giving rise to an effective dose of 2.8 mSv for a nominal wearing period of 2000 h. Accordingly, these products can give rise to annual doses in excess of the public limit of 1 mSv.

Suggested Citation

  • Halmat Jalal Hassan & Suhairul Hashim & Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi & Mohamad Hidayat Jamal & Sitti Asmah Hassan & David Andrew Bradley & Rafael García-Tenorio & Rozman Mohd Tahar, 2021. "The naturally occurring radioactivity of ‘scalar energy’ pendants and concomitant radiation risk," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0250528
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250528
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    Cited by:

    1. Halmat Jalal Hassan & Suhairul Hashim & Noor Zati Hani Abu Hanifah & Sib Krishna Ghoshal & Mohamad Syazwan Mohd Sanusi & Fariza Hanim Binti Suhailin & Muhammad Fahmi Rizal Abdul Hadi & Rozman Mohd Tah, 2021. "Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Bracelets and Necklaces: Radiological Risk Evaluation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, October.

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