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Bernese motive and goal inventory in exercise and sport: Validation of an updated version of the questionnaire

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  • Julia Schmid
  • Vanessa Gut
  • Achim Conzelmann
  • Gorden Sudeck

Abstract

Target group-specific intervention strategies are often called for in order to effectively promote exercise and sport. Currently, motives and goals are rarely included systematically in the design of interventions, despite the key role they play in well-being and adherence to exercise. The Bernese motive and goal inventory (BMZI) allows an individual diagnosis of motives and goals in exercise and sport in people in middle adulthood. The purpose of the present study was to elaborate on the original BMZI and to modify the questionnaire in order to improve its psychometric properties. The study is based on data from two samples (sample A: 448 employees of companies and authorities; sample B: 853 patients of a medical rehabilitation programme). We applied confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modelling. Overall, both the original and the updated BMZI had an acceptable to good validity and a good reliability. However, the revised questionnaire had slightly better reliability. The updated BMZI consists of 23 items and covers the following motives and goals: Body/Appearance, Contact, Competition/Performance, Aesthetics, Distraction/Catharsis, Fitness and Health. It is recommended as an economical inventory for the individual diagnosis of important psychological conditions for exercise and sport.

Suggested Citation

  • Julia Schmid & Vanessa Gut & Achim Conzelmann & Gorden Sudeck, 2018. "Bernese motive and goal inventory in exercise and sport: Validation of an updated version of the questionnaire," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0193214
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193214
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    Cited by:

    1. Simone Schweda & Barbara Munz & Christof Burgstahler & Andreas Michael Niess & Inka Roesel & Gorden Sudeck & Inga Krauss, 2022. "Proof of Concept of a 6-Month Person-Oriented Exercise Intervention ‘MultiPill-Exercise’ among Patients at Risk of or with Multiple Chronic Diseases: Results of a One-Group Pilot Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-24, August.
    2. Clemens Ley, 2020. "Participation Motives of Sport and Exercise Maintainers: Influences of Age and Gender," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, October.
    3. Julia Schmid & Vanessa Gut & Nina Schorno & Takuya Yanagida & Achim Conzelmann, 2021. "Within-Person Variation of Affective Well-Being during and after Exercise: Does the Person–Exercise Fit Matter?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-8, January.

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