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The Effectiveness of Daily Mindful Breathing Practices on Test Anxiety of Students

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  • Hyunju Cho
  • Seokjin Ryu
  • Jeeae Noh
  • Jongsun Lee

Abstract

The present study examined the effectiveness of daily mindful breathing practices on test anxiety of university students. A total of 36 participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a training mindful breathing condition (n = 12), a training cognitive reappraisal condition (contrast group, n = 12), and a non-training condition (control group, n = 12). Each of the participants trained by themselves for 6 days after they had taken one session of education for mindful or cognitive reappraisal practices. They wrote their experiences on daily worksheets and sent it by mobile with taking pictures that were confirmed by the researcher. Before and after training, each of the participants completed a questionnaire to assess: test anxiety, positive thought, and positive affect. The results of the study showed that both mindful breathing practice and cognitive reappraisal practice yielded large effect sizes in reducing test anxiety. In addition, the mindful breathing condition scored significantly higher on positive thoughts than the cognitive reappraisal and control conditions. The findings of this study suggest that both daily mindful breathing and cognitive reappraisal practices were effective in reducing test anxiety; however, mindful breathing increased positive automatic thoughts to a greater extent than cognitive reappraisal.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyunju Cho & Seokjin Ryu & Jeeae Noh & Jongsun Lee, 2016. "The Effectiveness of Daily Mindful Breathing Practices on Test Anxiety of Students," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0164822
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164822
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    Cited by:

    1. Esen Sucuoğlu, 2018. "Analysis of overseas students’ level of test anxiety according to their demographic characteristics," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 389-396, December.
    2. Shu Zhang & Liye Zou & Li-Zhen Chen & Ying Yao & Paul D. Loprinzi & Parco M. Siu & Gao-Xia Wei, 2019. "The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan on Negative Emotions in Non-Clinical Populations: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-16, August.
    3. Liye Zou & Albert Yeung & Xinfeng Quan & Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui & Xiaoyue Hu & Jessie S. M. Chan & Chaoyi Wang & Sean David Boyden & Li Sun & Huiru Wang, 2018. "Mindfulness-Based Baduanjin Exercise for Depression and Anxiety in People with Physical or Mental Illnesses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, February.

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