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How Competent Are Healthcare Professionals in Working According to a Bio-Psycho-Social Model in Healthcare? The Current Status and Validation of a Scale

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  • Dominique Van de Velde
  • Ank Eijkelkamp
  • Wim Peersman
  • Patricia De Vriendt

Abstract

Background: Over the past decades, there has been a paradigm shift from a purely biomedical towards a bio-psycho-social (BPS) conception of disability and illness, which has led to a change in contemporary healthcare. However, there seems to be a gap between the rhetoric and reality of working within a BPS model. It is not clear whether healthcare professionals show the necessary skills and competencies to act according to the BPS model. Objective: The aim of this study was (1) to develop a scale to monitor the BPS competencies of healthcare professionals, (2) to define its factor-structure, (3) to check internal consistency, (4) test-retest reliability and (5) feasibility. Design and Setting: Item derivation for the BPS scale was based on qualitative research with seven multidisciplinary focus groups (n = 58) of both patients and professionals. In a cross-sectional study design, 368 healthcare professionals completed the BPS scale through a digital platform. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine underlying dimensions. Statistical coherence was expressed in item-total correlations and in Cronbach’s α coefficient. An intra-class-correlation coefficient was used to rate the test-retest reliability. Results: The qualitative study revealed 45 items. The exploratory factor analysis showed five underlying dimensions labelled as: (1) networking, (2) using the expertise of the client, (3) assessment and reporting, (4) professional knowledge and skills and (5) using the environment. The results show a good to strong homogeneity (item-total ranged from 0.59 to 0.79) and a strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.75 to 0.82). ICC ranged between 0.82 and 0.93. Conclusion: The BPS scale appeared to be a valid and reliable measure to rate the BPS competencies of the healthcare professionals and offers opportunities for an improvement in the healthcare delivery. Further research is necessary to test the construct validity and to detect whether the scale is responsive and able to detect changes over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Van de Velde & Ank Eijkelkamp & Wim Peersman & Patricia De Vriendt, 2016. "How Competent Are Healthcare Professionals in Working According to a Bio-Psycho-Social Model in Healthcare? The Current Status and Validation of a Scale," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0164018
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164018
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    Cited by:

    1. Joy Van de Cauter & Hanna Van Schoorisse & Dominique Van de Velde & Joz Motmans & Lutgart Braeckman, 2021. "Return to work of transgender people: A systematic review through the blender of occupational health," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(11), pages 1-43, November.
    2. Patricia De Vriendt & Elise Cornelis & Valerie Desmet & Ruben Vanbosseghem & Dominique Van de Velde, 2018. "Quality in dementia care: A cross sectional study on the Bio-Psycho-Social competencies of health care professionals," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, February.

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