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The Impact of Glyphosate, Its Metabolites and Impurities on Viability, ATP Level and Morphological changes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Author

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  • Marta Kwiatkowska
  • Paweł Jarosiewicz
  • Jaromir Michałowicz
  • Maria Koter-Michalak
  • Bogumiła Huras
  • Bożena Bukowska

Abstract

The toxicity of herbicides to animals and human is an issue of worldwide concern. The present study has been undertaken to assess toxic effect of widely used pesticide—glyphosate, its metabolites: aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and methylphosphonic acid and its impurities: N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (PMIDA), N-methylglyphosate, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid and bis-(phosphonomethyl)amine on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We have evaluated the effect of those compounds on viability, ATP level, size (FSC-A parameter) and granulation (SSC-A parameter) of the cells studied. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate, its metabolites and impurities (0.01–10 mM) for 4 and 24 h. It was found that investigated compounds caused statistically significant decrease in viability and ATP level of PBMCs. The strongest changes in cell viability and ATP level were observed after 24 h incubation of PBMCs with bis-(phosphonomethyl)amine, and particularly PMIDA. Moreover, all studied compounds changed cell granularity, while PMIDA and bis-(phosphonomethyl)amine altered PBMCs size. It may be concluded that bis-(phosphonomethyl)amine, and PMIDA caused a slightly stronger damage to PBMCs than did glyphosate. Changes in the parameters studied in PBMCs were observed only at high concentrations of the compounds examined, which clearly shows that they may occur in this cell type only as a result of acute poisoning of human organism with these substances.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Kwiatkowska & Paweł Jarosiewicz & Jaromir Michałowicz & Maria Koter-Michalak & Bogumiła Huras & Bożena Bukowska, 2016. "The Impact of Glyphosate, Its Metabolites and Impurities on Viability, ATP Level and Morphological changes in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-13, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0156946
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156946
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    Cited by:

    1. Lucia Coppola & Sabrina Tait & Enrica Fabbrizi & Monia Perugini & Cinzia La Rocca, 2022. "Comparison of the Toxicological Effects of Pesticides in Non-Tumorigenic MCF-12A and Tumorigenic MCF-7 Human Breast Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Tomas Rivas-Garcia & Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón & Benjamin Hernández-Vázquez & Rita Schwentesius-Rindermann, 2022. "Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, June.

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