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Dimethyl Sulfoxide Damages Mitochondrial Integrity and Membrane Potential in Cultured Astrocytes

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  • Chan Yuan
  • Junying Gao
  • Jichao Guo
  • Lei Bai
  • Charles Marshall
  • Zhiyou Cai
  • Linmei Wang
  • Ming Xiao

Abstract

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a polar organic solvent that is used to dissolve neuroprotective or neurotoxic agents in neuroscience research. However, DMSO itself also has pharmacological and pathological effects on the nervous system. Astrocytes play a central role in maintaining brain homeostasis, but the effect and mechanism of DMSO on astrocytes has not been studied. The present study showed that exposure of astrocyte cultures to 1% DMSO for 24 h did not significantly affect cell survival, but decreased cell viability and glial glutamate transporter expression, and caused mitochondrial swelling, membrane potential impairment and reactive oxygen species production, and subsequent cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation. DMSO at concentrations of 5% significantly inhibited cell variability and promoted apoptosis of astrocytes, accompanied with more severe mitochondrial damage. These results suggest that mitochondrial impairment is a primary event in DMSO-induced astrocyte toxicity. The potential cytotoxic effects on astrocytes need to be carefully considered during investigating neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of hydrophobic agents dissolved by DMSO.

Suggested Citation

  • Chan Yuan & Junying Gao & Jichao Guo & Lei Bai & Charles Marshall & Zhiyou Cai & Linmei Wang & Ming Xiao, 2014. "Dimethyl Sulfoxide Damages Mitochondrial Integrity and Membrane Potential in Cultured Astrocytes," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0107447
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107447
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